1. Alarms and Events Processing Group No. 2 Project Guide: Prof. N.D.R.Sarma

2. Introduction Alarm/Event processing –a key component of SCADA system. User is notified of the alarm generated and allows to take necessary action It adds security to the SCADA system. It traces the exceptional behaviors in devices and their values like current and voltage. It allows remote monitors and control the field devices.

3. Alarm Requirements Alarms are raised at any ‘point’ in the SCADA system, when the value exceeds a particular range. The range can be dynamically changed depending on conditions. There should be stages of severity and categories of alarms. Alarms are displayed online. Alarms needs user intervention. Alarm may be enabled, disabled or scheduled for a particular time.

4. Alarm Requirements Alarm are moved from unacknowledged list to acknowledged list as soon as they are processed by the user An alarm should not be erased before the user takes appropriate actions Alarms should be sorted according to order of priority before displaying it. Display of historical and current alarms.

5. Alarm Categorization and Priority Alarms are classified as acknowledged/unacknowledged. Depending on the value we can prioritize the alarm. Alarm can be categorized based on Current, Voltage, Transformer,substation, feeder level etc. Alarm categorization based on severity or priority. Level 1 Alarms → Audible + Onscreen Display in Red (very very high alarm or very very low alarm ) Level 2 Alarms → Onscreen Display in Blue (very high alarm or very low alarm ) Level 3 Alarms → Onscreen Display in Green (high alarm or low alarm )

6. Event Requirements Events are also like alarms but can be generated even when the value is within the ‘safe’ range. Events should be logged into the database Events are in fixed format. Events are stored with date, time etc. into the database and does not need user intervention or acknowledgement. Events in the past can be searched. Events don’t have priorities.

7. System Design Modules Generator Module Alarm and Event Monitoring and Control Alarm/Event Reporting and Processing ( GUI ) Alarms/Events Logging (Database)

8. System Design

9. Generator Module A data generating routine ( a simulator of the field values received from RTU) used to feed the data. Generates random values of Device ID, Event ID, Value, SCADA-point etc. according to some format (Lit-ID) : V_065_IIIT_001_30/09/2004_12:00 V,ICan be V/I etc V → Voltage I → Current 065Voltage level (65 KV here) IIITSubstation name 001Unique identifier 30/09/2004Date 12:00Time

10. Alarm and Event Monitoring and Control Reads values generated by simulator in fixed time interval. The value is checked for the limits and status, associated with alarms/events. Depending on weather and other parameters limit checks are performed. If it is an alarm/event, message is given to the GUI to display it and logged into database.

11. Alarm and Event Monitoring and Control Controls and coordinates the Generator, GUI and database. It runs the simulator, handles interfaces between modules. Refreshes the GUI periodically. Addition and Updating of the database are done through it.

12. Alarm/Event Reporting and Processing ( GUI ) Automatically report alarms/events to the interface with their category, severity, time-stamp etc. Dynamically updating a display window with time varying data. Allows user to perform alarm processing like Searching for alarm and event depending on their types, categories, time-stamp etc. Update the limits for detection Acknowledge / Delete specific or all alarms Display the events for various time periods, by a particular SCADA point, priority etc.

13. Alarms/Events Logging (Database) The database acts as a repository of each generated values which are later analyzed and displayed for decision making mechanisms or search queries. The data from field is analog and stored in the database as both analog and digital with their type defined. Storage of Events related data in user defined format in database in minute, hourly, daily, weekly basis with its status.

14. Alarms/Events Logging (Database) Database stores Limits Alarms and its related data like  Alarm Date and Time,Acknowledgement Date Message,Value, Alarm Type, Alarm Id, Device Name or ID, Alarm status, acceptor name Events and its related data like  Event Date and Time, Message, Value, Event Type, Device Name or ID, Event Id etc

15. Summary Alarm/Event monitoring system periodically collects the data from the Generator. Control system checks the values and sends to GUI. Values are logged into the database depending upon their range. GUI shows current alarms and events by getting values every n seconds User performs multiple processing on alarms.

16. QUESTIONS ?