1. 1 Economic Value of Volunteer : Applications to the Science Volunteers and the Registered Volunteers in Taipei Kuo, Chia-Chen cckuo@nchc.org.tw National Center for High- performance Computing Chiang, Yi-Wen nieves68@ms78.hinet.net Cheng-Shiu University Chuang, Hwei-Lin hlchuang@mx.nthu.edu.tw National Tsing Hua University

2. 2 Government Sector For-profit Sector Civil Society Sector The Global Associational Revolution Source: Implementing the United Nations Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions Asian Implementers’ Meeting I. Introduction

3. 3 A Major Economic Force 37 Countries 47.6 million FTE jobs 7.7% of non-agricultural employment 4.5% of economically active population * In 2002 U.S. dollars I. Introduction NPI Satellite Account Source: Implementing the United Nations Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions Asian Implementers’ Meeting $1.6* trillion in operating expenditures

4. 4 II. CCSS and the NPI Satellite Account System System of National Accounts Description of economy Identify the components which are related to economy and environment Physical flow account in connection of environment and economic activities Frameworks of environmental statistics and indicators (FDES, FISD…etc) Description of economy in environment and social population. Environmental economic assets and valuation of usage Figure 1 ： Connection of SNA and IEEA System for Integrated Economic and Environmental Accounting (IEEA) Extension of production in SNA SNA

5. 5 II. CCSS and the NPI Satellite Account System System of National Accounts Description of Economy Identify the components which are related to NPIs Physical flow account in connection of NPIs and economic activities NPIs’ Information from government and civil organizations (Lists of membership, Tax records, Report on the Survey of Social Welfare Institutions' Status, Report on the Survey of Civil Organization Activity. System of NPI Satellite Account Value of volunteering and nonprofit output of market NPIs Figure 2 ： Connection of SNA and NPI Satellite Account SNA

6. 6 II. CCSS and the NPI Satellite Account System Key Tasks to Implement the NPI Handbook 1. 1.Build a statistical register of NPIs for all types of organizations under the Handbook definition of a “nonprofit institution”. Definition of NPIs in UN Handbook Organizations Not-for profit and non-profit-distributing Institutionally separate from government Self-governing Non-compulsory

7. 7 II. CCSS and the NPI Satellite Account System 2. Compile data on NPIs from existing national accounts data sources. 3. Develop new data sources on NPIs. 4. Integrate new and existing data sources on NPIs.

8. 8 Additional Variables in UN Handbook Third-party payments from government Non-market output of market NPIs Paid employment of NPIs Volunteer employment of NPIs II. CCSS and the NPI Satellite Account System

9. 9 III. National Accounts and NPIs in Taiwan Industries Producers of government services Domestic services of households Private nonprofit institutions serving households Non-financial corporations and quasi- corporations Financial institutions General government Private nonprofit institutions serving households Households and private non-corporations Type of institutional unit Sectors of the System Non-financial corporations sector Financial corporations sector General government sector Households sector NPISH (Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households) sector Corporations Government units Households Non-profit institutions N1N1 N2N2 N3N3 N4N4 N5N5

10. 10 III. National Accounts and NPIs in Taiwan Table 1: National Classification of Non-Profit Organizations in Taiwan Social AssociationsTrade Associations Academic & Cultural AssociationsIndustrial Associations Medical & Health AssociationsRegional Industrial Associations Religious AssociationsUnion of Regional Industrial Associations Athletic AssociationsChamber of Industry Social Services & Philanthropic AssociationsCommercial Associations International AssociationsRegional Commercial Associations Economic Affairs AssociationsUnion of Regional Commercial Associations Family Clan AssociationsRegional Exporters Associations Hometown AssociationsUnion of Regional Exporters Associations Alumni AssociationsChamber of Commerce Other Non-Profit OrganizationsProfessional Associations Farmer’s Associations Fisherman’s Associations Note: Derived from the Report on the Survey of Civil Organization Activity

11. 11 III. National Accounts and NPIs in Taiwan Table 2: International Classification of Non-Profit Organizations Culture and recreation Education and research Health Social services Environment Development and housing Law, advocacy and politics Philanthropic intermediaries and Voluntarism promotion International Religion Business and professional associations, unions Not elsewhere classified Note: Derived from the Handbook on Non-Profit Institutions

12. 12 IV. Applications Science Volunteers A significant growth in total number Male-female ratio: about even with somewhat higher female ratio

13. 13 IV. Applications Science Volunteers Majority have higher education Students represent the highest proportion More than 50% are of age under 30 I contact with my grandchild by e- mail; I also use Linux. IAVE.ORG was to be established. The revival of the Butterfly Kingdom. Working holiday was hold for e-community. Science Volunteer activity was hold for e-reader area.

14. 14 Economic Value of the Science Volunteers 4 times more of total volunteer service hours from 2003 to 2006 Average service hour per person per month ranges from 4.02 to 6.86 Minimum wage measurement: NT$ 981,948 to NT$ 4,193,112 Average wage measurement: NT$ 3,471,930 to NT$ 16,905,865

15. 15 Economic Value of the Science Volunteers Professional wage measurement: NT$ 4,380,083 to NT$ 22,365,170 Professional wage measurement is better to represent the science volunteer value, because they have contributed their professional skills. For example, science volunteers include lawers, engineers, teachers, etc.

16. 16 IV. Applications Register Volunteers in Taipei Total number of volunteers has increased with a growth rate of 36% Females are far more than males 50%-60% have higher education

17. 17 IV. Applications Register Volunteers in Taipei Housewives/husbands represents the highest proportion Majority are middle-aged people

18. 18 Economic Value of the Registered Volunteers in Taipei Total hours of service has decreased 4% Average hour per person per month has dropped 30% from 4.34 to 3.06 Minimum wage measurement: NT$ 36,883,044 to NT$ 35,434,014 Average wage measurement: NT$ 130,409,502 to NT$ 128,657,684 Total expenditure on social beneficial service is NT$ 5,499,478,000 for the year of 2005

19. 19 Economic Value of the Registered Volunteers in Taipei Service sector wage measurement: NT$ 141,083,232 to NT$ 137,043,515 Service sector wage measurement is better to represent the value of the Registered Volunteer in Taipei.

20. 20 V. Conclusion and Future Work The influence of NPIs in Taiwan is increasing 2004 survey: 27,181 registered NPIs with 8,891,979 members A supplemental NPI Satellite Account System is needed to recognize the influence of NPIs Applications to the Science Volunteer Program and the Registered Volunteers in Taipei indicate that the estimated economic values of the volunteer service based on various kinds of measurements are nontrivial

21. 21 Implementing the United Nations Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions Asian Implementers’ Meeting in Bangkok All members from participating countries and the CCSS of the Johns Hopkins University Taiwan team with members from the CCSS (Center for Civil Society Studies) of the Johns Hopkins University