1. Warm Up Aug 5, 2010 In your own words describe what you think science is. If your class did not finish the lab, get the lab write-up out and be ready to start the lab If your class did finish the lab, get ready to take notes we will be start chapter 1 notes today Important Dates: -8/6 Safety Quiz -8/9 Lab write up is due Home Work: -Study for the quiz -Finish the lab write up

2. Science is a systematic enterprise of gathering knowledge about nature and organizing and condensing that knowledge into testable laws and theories

3. Physical Science Chemistry: The study of matter and the changes that it undergoes Physics: A natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space-time, as well as all applicable concepts, such as energy and forces.

4. Inductive vs. Deductive Inductive: Begins with observations and measurements, it then detects patterns, formulates some form of hypotheses, research, and then ends up with a conclusion. Deductive: starts with a theory that is then narrowed down into a specific hypotheses, the hypotheses is tested and is there narrowed down in to observations. This leads to being able to confirm the original theory.

5. Examples Sarah: I've noticed previously that every time I kick a ball up, it comes back down, so I guess this next time when I kick it up, it will come back down, too. Tyler: That's Newton's Law. Everything that goes up must come down. And so, if you kick the ball up, it must come down. Sarah is using Inductive reasoning Tyler is using deductive reasoning

6. Examples in History The laws of gravity were discovered using inductive reasoning. Newton had the apple hit his head and came up with a testable hypothesis However, this law was then used to explain how the planets move around the sun. This was then deductive reasoning (using a law to come to a conclusion)

7. Scientific Method An organized process used by scientist to do research and it provides a method for scientist to verify the work of others. Make an Observation Make a Testable Hypothesis Conduct an Experiment Collect Data Analyze the Data Report the Results

8. Make an Observation This is gathering information from the world around you (for example an apple hitting Newton’s head was information). Two types of observations: Qualitative and Quantitative Qualitative Data: Describes color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristic (five senses) Quantitative: How much, how little, how big, how tall, or how fast (quantity)

9. Make a Testable Hypothesis Tentative explanation of what has been observed. Its what you believe is happening. Must be testable and reasonable Observation: When I wear black clothing, I get hot whereas if I where white clothing, I do not get as hot Hypothesis: Black clothing absorbs heat

10. Conduct an Experiment Experiment: Is a set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis Independent Variable: this is the variable that you change Dependent Variable: this changes as a result of the change in the independent variable Control is something that stays constant Let say we test the theory that black absorbs heat, so our independent variable would be color. Our independent variable would be the temperature of that color Our control would be how long the colors are in the sun, or how much sun light each color gets

11. Conclusion Conclusion: A judgment based on the information obtained This only means that the hypothesis might be true, it does not PROVE the hypothesis If any new data is found that goes against the hypothesis, the hypothesis must be discarded or changed Our experiment has data that shows that the color black gets hotter than any other color while out in the sun. Our conclusion then agrees with our hypothesis.

12. Theory vs. Law Theory: An explanation of a natural Phenomenon based on many observations and investigations over time. A theory is used to make predictions Theory of relativity Law: A relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments. Experiments are conducted to explain why these relationships exist Law of universal gravitation

13. Class work/Homework I want you and a partner to come up with an experiment using the scientific method. Explain each step and what you would do in those steps Make an Observation Make a Testable Hypothesis Conduct an Experiment Collect Data Analyze the Data Report the Results