1. Business and Computing Deanery 3D Modelling Week 1 Principles of parametric modelling

2. 3D Modelling Tools 2 Today The learning outcomes The structure of the module The assessments The principles of parametric modelling 3D space Coordinates Axes 3D primitives VRML X3D

3. 3D Modelling Tools 3 Why this module? Temporal Modelling Research Group What do you think we research? Tutors for this module Robina Hetherington Brian Farrimond

4. 3D Modelling Tools 4 My dissertation – an example I wanted to do something with the web Maybe XML I am an architect Model a building over the web? Is this research? Model a building over time over the web? New standard X3D, which is an application of XML Dissertation did two things 1. Examined the relationship of X3D with XML 2. Explored the data structures involved in displaying buildings at different times Is this research?

5. 3D Modelling Tools 5 This module Is about learning how to model in 3D Using software to generate a model Manipulate in a programming environment

6. 3D Modelling Tools 6 Learning outcomes 1. To research, develop and advance their knowledge and understanding of the application of 3D modelling in digital media systems 2. To demonstrate self-direction and originality in tackling and solving problems in the creation of 3D models, and act autonomously in planning and implementing a series of models of increasing complexity 3. To demonstrate systematic and appropriate use of a 3D library within a programming language

7. 3D Modelling Tools 7 Materials covered Software for development and distribution of 3D 3D modelling tools 3D graphics programming APIs Geometric principles of parametric modelling Methods of rendering Material properties Lighting and shadows Cameras Animation Integration and distribution of models within digital media Hardware for 3D rendering

8. 3D Modelling Tools 8 Reading Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 Directed reading Tutorial booklet OpenGL booklet

9. 3D Modelling Tools 9 Structure Lectures and demonstrations Self study tutorials You are expected to spend 150 hours on this module

10. 3D Modelling Tools 10 FML 409 software 3ds studio max version 7 Microsoft Office Notepad Visual C++ GLUT Internet Explorer Flux Cosmo Cortona

11. 3D Modelling Tools 11 Assessment Presentation 20% Portfolio 80%

12. 3D Modelling Tools 12 Presentation You are to prepare a presentation which explores different methods to display in a webpage and manipulate in real-time 3D models Note that this is NOT about the generation of a model using software such as 3ds Max, but the display of models over the WWW. You are expected to research at least two different methods and make a recommendation for use in your own portfolio work You should illustrate these methods by demonstrating an example of each

13. 3D Modelling Tools 13 Your presentation 10 minutes Give your tutor a printout, 3 slides per page an electronic copy on disc It should include screen shots of the applications Be fully referenced Harvard Need to identify Information from others Conclusions from others

14. 3D Modelling Tools 14 Discussion What is meant by real-time? Give examples of methods of displaying models Give examples of applications What criteria would you consider in a critical comparison? How would you measure success?

15. 3D Modelling Tools 15 Presentation assessment Higher marks will be given for the demonstration of a critical awareness of the role of software, the technologies used, and the end use of the application. You should draw your own conclusion as the success, technical complexity and visual impact of the application.

16. 3D Modelling Tools 16 Portfolio Create a series of non-trivial and novel 3D applications Build upon concepts taught in the tutorials Submission of paper screenshots Submission of electronic version On the disc you are expected to provide: Webpages with critical reflection and links to your models Your models Copy of your presentation

17. 3D Modelling Tools 17 What is 3D? 3D graphics -2D representation of 3D objects – flattened Objects exist in the memory of the computer No physical form Numbers and mathematical formulas

18. 3D Modelling Tools 18 3D software Enables you to create a scene, fill it full of objects Apply materials to the objects Lighting Virtual cameras Animation View Make a video Export as a 3D model

19. 3D Modelling Tools 19 How are 3D models used? Think of examples of 3D models used in computer systems How are they used? Are you impressed?

20. 3D Modelling Tools 20 Film and TV Until recently the industry used matte paintings, hand-built models or full sized props 1982 - TRON used 3D animation 1993 - Jurassic Park used 3D animation 1995 – Toystory completely CG Computer Graphics Commercials News graphics Historical reconstructions

21. 3D Modelling Tools 21 The Web Applications Demos of products 3d immersive worlds Virtual history Training Medical applications Design and engineering Games Methods Movie VRML QuickTime VR Java 3D Director/Shockwave Others

22. 3D Modelling Tools 22 Gaming Animation in motion video Quality and richness Real-time 3D graphics Pay off between detail and speed and responsiveness

23. 3D Modelling Tools 23 Operating systems Sun Looking glass Windows Longhorn 3D UI Sun - Looking Glass (2005

24. 3D Modelling Tools 24 Activity Look at: www.virginmobile.com/mobile/ www.bbc.co.uk/history/multimedia_zone/virtual_tours/ www.sun.com/software/looking_glass/details.html www.qtvr.co.uk/ Suggestions? Games Movies

25. 3D Modelling Tools 25 Two types of virtual reality Active 3D worlds Advantages Immersive environment Free movement Disadvantages Rendering Specialist software? Hardware? Passive Movies Advantages Level of detail Disadvantages Restricted view

26. 3D Modelling Tools 26 Your first portfolio Create a VRML model using Notepad of a simple room constructed from primitive shapes, consisting of three walls and a floor. Insert a table constructed of two or more cylinders and a light Due in Week 2 A screen shot of your model rendered in a browser. Final submission Embedded into a website, plus discussion

27. 3D Modelling Tools 27 It should look something like…

28. 3D Modelling Tools 28 Today Parametric modelling 3D space Coordinates Axes 3D primitives VRML X3D

29. 3D Modelling Tools 29 VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language VRML is a scene description language Simple ascii text files which can be parsed by a VRML interpreter VRML browsers Cosmo Cortona Flux Can be exported from most 3D modelling software.wrl extension

30. 3D Modelling Tools 30 VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language Designed to be the three-dimensional modelling equivalent of HTML World Wide Web conference in Geneva in 1994 VRML 1.0 specification was released in May 1995 VRML 2.0, quickly replaced by VRML97

31. 3D Modelling Tools 31 Tony Parisi 1999 Where did VRML go wrong? Buggy browsers Big plug-in downloads Interoperability of content “…..that no amount of technology, no matter how good, is relevant without compelling applications that solve real problems. The logic of it seems simple enough—if technology isn’t useful, who’s going to use it? “ Tony Parisi (1999)

32. 3D Modelling Tools 32 X3D Developed collaboratively by the Web3D Consortium Evolutionary Successor to VRML97 Adds: New features Additional data encoding formats Stricter conformance Componentized architecture

33. 3D Modelling Tools 33 X3D Evolution of VRML 97 Application of XML VRML was badly implemented by browsers Inconsistent views Componentized But not widely used Currently cannot export from major 3D modelling software.x3d extension

34. 3D Modelling Tools 34 A cylinder VRML #VRML V2.0 utf8 # A cylinder Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 0 0 } geometry Cylinder { height 2 radius 5 } X3D Comment

35. 3D Modelling Tools 35 Activity Open cylinder.wrl Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser Open cylinder.x3d Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser

36. 3D Modelling Tools 36 A box VRML #VRML V2.0 utf8 #A box Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 2.0 } X3D

37. 3D Modelling Tools 37 A sphere VRML #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 1 1} } geometry Sphere { radius 0.15 } } X3D

38. 3D Modelling Tools 38 Activity Open box.wrl Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser Open box.x3d Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser

39. 3D Modelling Tools 39 3D space Every point in 3D space is defined by 3 coordinates A cube shaped “cyberspace” At the centre is the origin 0,0,0 Origin point (0,0,0)

40. 3D Modelling Tools 40 Coordinate and axes Coordinates Each point is defined by 3 numbers, coordinates X, Y, Z Width, height and depth Axes Imaginary line in cyberspace Width axis X runs horizontally Height axis Y is vertical Depth axis Z travels front to back Y- Y+ X-X+ Z- Z+ Origin point 0, 0, 0

41. 3D Modelling Tools 41 World coordinate system By default, all shapes are built at the origin of the world coordinate system If I have a box geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 2.0 } What are the coordinates of the 8 points? Y- Y+ X-X+ Z- Z+ Origin point 0, 0, 0

42. 3D Modelling Tools 42 Transform A transform creates a coordinate system that can be Positioned Rotated Scaled Relative to a parent coordinate system

43. 3D Modelling Tools 43 Transform syntax Translation positions a coordinate system in X, Y, and Z VRML Transform { translation 0 0 1 children [ : ] } X3D :

44. 3D Modelling Tools 44 Viewpoints A position in cyberspace that represents the user’s location Viewing plane Imaginary flat panel that defines the limits of the user’s sight Everything else is ‘clipped off’ Y- Y+ X-X+ Z- Z+ Origin point 0, 0, 0 Viewpoint Viewing plane

45. 3D Modelling Tools 45 Viewpoints VRML Viewpoint { description "First" position 0 2 10 } Viewpoint { description "Second" position 0 2 20 } X3D

46. 3D Modelling Tools 46 Background VRML Background { groundAngle [ 1.396,1.571 ] groundColor [ 1 1 1, 0 0.8 0.5, 0 0.5 0.3 ] skyAngle [ 0.785, 1.571 ] skyColor [ 0 0 0.5, 0 0 1, 1 1 1 ] } X3D <Background groundAngle="1.396,1.571“ groundColor="1 1 1, 0 0.8 0.5, 0 0.5 0.3" skyAngle="0.785, 1.571" skyColor="0 0 0.5, 0 0 1, 1 1 1"/>

47. 3D Modelling Tools 47 Activity Open portfolio1.wrl Change the colour Change the sizes View in a browser Add another cylinder (s), transform it to make a simple table Add 3 boxes to form a floor and 2 walls Change the colours

48. 3D Modelling Tools 48 Add some light #lamp Transform { translation 0 1 0 children [ PointLight { location 0.0 0.0 0.0 radius 10.0 intensity 1.0 ambientIntensity 0.2 color 1 0.95 0.8 } Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material {diffuseColor 1 1 1} } geometry Sphere { radius 0.15 } } ] }

49. 3D Modelling Tools 49 Embedding in a web page Uses ActiveX <object classid="clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-9518- 00c04fc2dd79" width="50%" height="50%"> Warning - with XP service pack you may get a warning about blocked content

50. 3D Modelling Tools 50 Plug-ins Cortona only VRML Cosmo Player only VRML FLUX VRML and X3D

51. 3D Modelling Tools 51 Activity Insert portfolio.wrl into portfolio1.htm and view in a browser Change the plugin

52. 3D Modelling Tools 52 More information VRML www.sdsc.edu/~nadeau/Courses/WebNet9 8/ X3D www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/

53. 3D Modelling Tools 53 Review VRML X3D Parametric modelling 3D space Coordinates and axes 3D primitives Viewing in a webpage Questions?

54. 3D Modelling Tools 54 Self assessment What is meant by real-time rendering? What is the difference between VRML and X3D? What are your options to display a real- time model in a webpage? Describe the process of primitive modelling Describe the process of transformation of a 3D shape

55. 3D Modelling Tools 55 For week 2 Portfolio Create a VRML model using Notepad of a simple room constructed from primitive shapes, consisting of three walls and a floor. Insert a table constructed of two or more cylinders. A screenshot to be handed to your tutor Directed reading Chapters 1-5 of 3D Graphics & Animation

56. 3D Modelling Tools 56 References Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 Kerlow I. V., (2003) The Art of 3-D Computer Animation and Effects, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc; ISBN: 0471430366 Sun - Looking Glass http://www.sun.com/software/looking_glass/details.html Accessed 22/01/05 http://www.sun.com/software/looking_glass/details.html Accessed 22/01/05 Nadeau D., A Beginner's Guide to VRML http://wp.netscape.com/eng/live3d/howto/vrml_primer_index.html Accessed 22/01/05 http://wp.netscape.com/eng/live3d/howto/vrml_primer_index.html Introduction to VRML 97 http://www.sdsc.edu/~nadeau/Courses/WebNet98/ Accessed 22/01/05 http://www.sdsc.edu/~nadeau/Courses/WebNet98/ Brutzman D. X3D examples http://www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/ Accessed 22/01/05 http://www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/