1. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [1] SIMULATION OF A 9-MW WIND FARM USING INDUCTION GENERATORS (IG) DRIVEN BY VARIABLE-PITCH WIND TURBINES By Mr. SAURAV KUMAREEE # 0801314187 Mr. GAURAV KUMARECE # 0801314192 Under the guidance of Mr. OGETI PEDDA SURESH

2. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [2] CONTENTS Why Renewable Energy Introduction Types of Wind Energy Conversion devices Various parts in a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine- propeller type Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Wind Turbine Control Systems Output Power of wind turbine Pitch angle and Tip-speed ratio(equations) Drive Train Subsystem Layout of Wind Farm Result Conclusion

3. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [3] WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY ???

4. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [4] INTRODUCTION As a result of increasing environmental concern, the impact of conventional electricity generation on the environment is being minimized and efforts are being made to generate electricity from renewable sources. One way of generating electricity from renewable sources is to use wind turbines that convert the energy contained in flowing air into electricity.

5. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [5] Types of Wind Energy Conversion devices 1. Horizontal axis wind turbine a.) Dutch-type grain grinding windmills. b.) Multi-blade water-pumping windmills. c.) High speed propeller type windmills. 2. Vertical axis wind turbine a.) The Savonius rotor. b.) The Darrieus rotor.

6. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [6] Various parts in a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine- propeller type

7. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [7] DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VAWT AND HAWT

8. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [8] HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE Advantages of HAWT: Variable blade pitch. The tall tower base allows access to stronger wind in sites with wind shear. High efficiency. Disadvantages of HAWT: Difficult to transport as tall towers and blades are long. Massive tower construction is required to support the heavy blades, gearbox, and generator. Requires an additional yaw control mechanism to turn the blades toward the wind.

9. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [9] Advantages of VAWT Easily mounted with the lower bearing (mounted near the ground). No need of yaw mechanisms. Easier to maintain the moving parts as located nearer the to ground. Has lower wind start-up speeds than HAWTs. Typically, they start creating electricity at 6 M.P.H. (10 km/h). Disadvantages of VAWT Efficiency is lesser than that of HAWTs (because of the additional drag.) Maintenance is expensive Drag may be created when the blade rotates into the wind. VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

10. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [10] WIND TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEMS Pitch Angle Control Stall Control Power Electronic Control Yaw Control

11. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [11]

12. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [12] EQUATIONS Tip Speed Ratio = 2πRN / V ∞ Pitch Angle Where, V ∞ is the speed of wind (m/s), λ is the tip speed ratio, R is the turbine radius, N is the rotational speed. Where, β is blade pitch angle (degrees), ω r is the angular speed of rotor, P MPP is the mechanical power.

13. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [13] Drive Train Subsystem Where, T_wt is the Torque produced by the wind, T_shaft is the Torque produced by the shaft/prime-mover, W_wt is the speed of the wind.

14. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [14] Drive Train Subsystem Where, J = Total inertia, T em =Electromagnetic torque of generator T w = Input mechanical torque from the extracted aerodynamic power B = Effective friction coefficient P em = Electromagnetic power of the generator ω m = Rotor angular speed

15. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [15] Layout of Wind Farm

16. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [16] Active, Reactive power, Generator speed, Wind speed and Pitch angle

17. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [17] Conclusion We have discussed here the basic operation of wind turbine and its controls using induction generator. First we simulated a wind turbine driven isolated (not connected to grid) induction generator. But for best efficiency the induction generator is used which is connected to grid side and has better control.

18. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [18] References [1]“India Wind Energy Outlook”, GWEC, April 2011. [2]“Hybrid Dynamics of Wind Turbine Models”, Ian A. Hiskens, Los Alamos National Laboratory, January 19, 2010. [3]“Alternative Energy Systems: Design and Analysis with Induction Generators” by M.Godoy Simoes, Felix A. Farret [4]“Renewable and Efficient electric power systems by Gilbert. M. Masters, John Wiley and Sons, 2006. [5]“Intelligent Control of a Variable Speed Cage Machine Wind Generation System”, VOL. 12, NO. 1, January 1997 Marcelo Godoy Simoes, Bimal K. Bose and Ronald J. Spiegel. [6]“Design, installation and performance analysis of a control system for a wind turbine driven self- excited induction generator” in Proc. ICEM ‘90, Cambridge, MA, Aug. 1990. [7]“Wind Electrical Systems by” S.N Bhadra, D.Kastha, and S. Banarjee, Oxford University Press, 2005.

19. APEX Institute of Technology &Management Mr. SAURAV KUMAR (EEE # 0801314187) Mr. GAURAV KUMAR (ECE # 0801314192) B.TECH. PROJECT PRESENTATION-2012 [19] THANK YOU