1. An Introduction to wind power By Jack Bradley, University of Bradford

2. Introduction to Wind Power History of wind power Wind resource How wind turbines work Some basic characteristics Relative efficiencies Environmental Impacts

3. Where we use our energy

4. In the home

5. Where Our Energy Comes From?

6. Future Energy Sources

7. UK Wind Resource 990 TWh Onshore of which 60+ will be recoverable. 2869 TWh Offshore of which 100+ will be recoverable.

8. World Wind Resource 1200 TW World Resource 10TW Theoretically recoverable Worlds Energy Consumption 1.3TW Source Twidell And Weir

9. Persian (2000 b.c) Direction of Prevailing Wind

10. Windmills

11. 1970’s and 80’s

12. 2000+

13. Wind Pumps

14. Early Electricity Source www.windpower.dk

15. World Wind Markets

16. Power Law A v l

17. Turbine Size Source Renewable Energy World Mar 02

18. Simple Wind Loggers

19. Wind Speed Distribution Curves Mean

20. Energy Distribution

21. European Wind Atlas

22. NOABL

23. Basic Principles Drag Machines

24. Basic Components of HAWT Nacelle Swept Area Rotor made up hub and blades Tower Hub Low Speed Shaft Direction Free wind Direction of Blade Rotation Yaw Bearing

25. Lift Machines Horizontal Axis Drag Lift True Wind Direction

26. Lift Machines Horizontal Axis Drag Lift True Wind Direction Direction of Blade Movement Apparent wind direction Driving Force

27. Lift Machines Horizontal Axis Drag Lift True Wind Direction v Direction of Blade Movement V b Apparent wind direction v R Driving Force

28. Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) CpCp TSR

29. Solidity High Solidity machines have low TSR and High Torque nLow Solidity machines have high TSR and low torques

30. Different Types of WEC Source Boyle

31. Anemometers Spot measurements of little use. Average wind speeds required Simple Anemometer gives Run of Wind measurement

32. UK Wind Speeds

33. Impacts (Noise) Source Boyle

34. Impacts (Visual)

35. Impacts (Birds) It is estimated for 1000MW in Holland 21,000 bird deaths 1,000,000 due to power lines 1,500,000 due to wild fowlers 9,000,000 due to road traffic Source Winkleman 1995

36. Conclusions Huge world resource Power in the wind is proportional to the cube of the speed Assessment of site wind speed is critical Like all generation wind power has environmental impacts Careful siting can minimise these problems