1. INTO THE WORLD OF BOOKS - LITERATURE MS30214 Euijung Lee MS30215 Jungwon Lee MS30231 Hyunsoo Kim MS30232 Junghyun Sung

2. A literature presentation Delving into the theme of…

3. “ANTIGIONE”Jungwon & Euijung “The Crowning of Arthur” Hyunsoo “Sir Lancelot du Lake”Euijung “The Acts of King Arthur and his noble knights” Euijung “Don Quixote”Junghyun “Man of La Mancha”Junghyun

4. BASIC BACKGROUND Ancient Greek Temples, gods, marble, theatres… Greek plays – tragedies and comedies Arose from Athens in religious rituals and ceremonies, honouring the gods and their might over the mortal world Human weaknesses, virtues… FATE

5. BASIC BACKGROUND Medieval Europe (post-Roman, Byzantine) Castles, wars, knights During the medieval era, mythical elements such as magic and dragons influenced the literature of the time, turning to supernatural themes CHIVALRY

6. ANALYSIS WORKSHOP TRAGIC DRAMA of the downfall of a PROTAGONIST TRAGEDY – The downfall of a dignified, superior main character Explored subjects such as suffering and duty, in order to identify human relationships to the gods and their power Subjects of myth and legends Central belief – FATE The Greeks believed in a predetermined path from the gods in everyone, under whatever circumstances

7. Tragic Hero The PROTAGONIST Faces and accepts his/her downfall Tragic Flaw ERROR or FLAW in the protagonist that ultimately leads to his/her demise Is noticed, but by then is far too late Catastrophe DISASTROUS CONCLUSION Death or complete fall of protagonist Chorus Observers and responders on the play

8. The Chorus – a group of usually 15 people that sing and comment on the events of the plot or the actions of the characters, providing insights and reflections on the play. The chorus wore masks as the actors did. They sing and dance to the music, communicating beliefs and virtues of the common Athenian. The leader is called the choragus, who occasionally participates in the dialogue as well. The Actors – men, wear costumes and masks to identify character, changed attire for different characters.

9. The Greek theatre

10. ANALYSIS WORKSHOP ROMANCE of “Knights in shining armour” ROMANCE – love, exotic places, fantastic characters… First appeared through Medieval French literature Honour, Medieval beliefs, Christian ideas Central belief – CHIVALRY People of the Medieval Era believed in chivalry, a concept of honour and dignity among esteemed people such as knights

11. ROMANCE HERO Knight of superhuman strength, virtue, intelligence and abilities Follows the code of chivalry QUEST A difficult journey motivated by love, religion or adventure. The hero must overcome the obstacles to prove his worth EXOTIC SETTING Imaginary kingdoms with magic, enchantments and creatures SUPERNATURAL Magicians, mysterious evil, foretell of the future etc. HIDDEN IDENTITIES Unaware of each others’ true identities Revealed at climax EPISODIC STRUCTURE Not under tight structure; One adventure to next

12. Antigone MS30214 Euijung Lee MS30215 Jungwon Lee

13. Born few years before the marathon One of three Greek Tragedians Wrote`123 plays but survives only 7 The starting point of addition of a third actor deeper development of characters than earlier period First prize in Dionysia theatre competition beating Aeschylus DIED at the age of 90 or 91 in the winter of 406/5 BC

14. Tragic Hero: Antigone Tragic Flaw: Creon’s decision to neglect the corpse of Polyneices Catastrophe: Antigone kill herself and because of that Haemon and Ismene suicides. In the end, the wife of Creon, Eurydice, also kills herself because of the shock from her son’s death

15. Setting

16. Characters

22. Play ProloguePrologue Antigone tries to persuade IsmeneAntigone tries to persuade Ismene

23. Plot Diagram

24. Vocabularies

25. Thank you, and the next is king Arthur, HYUNSOO KIM!!! with EuiJeong Lee

26. MEDIEVAL ROMANCE the King Arthur stories “The Crowning of Arthur” “Sir Lancelot du Lake” “The Acts of King Arthur and his noble knights”

27. King Arthur??? Legendary King and Knight of England The Celts ruled England during the time Son of King Uther Pendragon Claimed heir as taking out a magic sword from a stone Reigned as king in Camelot Married to Lady Guinevere The Round Table The Holy Grail Excalibur

29. From Sir Thomas Malory’s “Le Morte d’Arthur” (the Death of Arthur in French)

30. Author Analysis Sir Thomas Malory English knight (1405? ~ 1471) Fought in the Hundred Years’ War After the end of the war, accused of highway robbery and murder, imprisoned many times Rebelled against Edward IV in War of the Roses, failed Imprisoned for life in London Newgate Prison, wrote “Le Morte d’Arthur” there. Said to have added a prayer for his release after the completion of “Le Morte d’Arthur” in 1469 or 1470

31. Characters King Uther Pendragon – King of Britain and father of Arthur. Falls in love with Lady Igraine and conflicts with the Duke of Tintagil over her. He took Merlin in as his advisor, and put his son under the care of Sir Ector after his death.

32. Lady Igraine – wife of the Duke of Tintagil and Arthur’s mother. She is a beautiful, faithful woman to her husband the Duke, but after bearing King Uther’s child and the Duke’s death, she turns her marital allegiance to the King.

33. Merlin the Prophet – the magician that advises King Uther. He arranges almost all of the King’s plans and actions, and using his magical abilities, make them completely flawless. He disguises as a beggar when he needs to avoid attention.

34. Arthur – son of Uther Pendragon and Igraine, and the rightful heir to the throne of Britain. He was brought up by Sir Ector, oblivious to the fact he was of royal blood. After taking the sword out of the stone he realized this, and he proved himself and honourable, dignified young man fit as the new king.

35. Sir Ector – brought up Arthur under the request of the King. He and his wife brought him up as his own son. Sir Kay – Sir Ector’s real son. He left his sword for the tournament over the throne, so he sends Arthur to fetch it for him. During this, Arthur discovers the fateful sword in the stone.

36. Duke of Tintagil – original husband of Lady Igraine. He battles against King Uther over his wife, and continuously remains loyal to his wife. He is later killed during a surprise attack on the King. Sir Ulfius – friend and co-operator of King Uther. He finds Merlin for King Uther and aids in the King’s causes. Archbishop of Canterbury – proclaims the sword in the stone and the true heir to the throne. Later crowns Arthur king.

37. PLOT  King Uther falls in love with Lady Igraine, so he battles the Duke of Tintagil  Igraine denies Uther’s request  Ulfius finds and brings Merlin to Uther, to whom he asks to help him claim Igraine. Merlin agrees at the exchange of the arrangement on how the child of Uther and Igraine’s will be brought up  Merlin uses his magic to change Uther’s form into the Duke, and arranges him to enter Igraine’s castle and earn her. The Duke himself died three hours before this.  Igraine, widowed, becomes married officially to Uther. When Igraine was ashamed of bearing another’s child, Uther reveals that he is the father of that child.

38.  Arthur is born, and Merlin takes him to the care of Sir Ector, there to be brought up until the time has come. Uther faces a series of invasions, and under Merlin’s guidance, he crushes them all.  Uther falls sick, and facing death, he announces his son Arthur as the rightful heir to the throne after him.  The Archbishop reveals on Christmas Day a sword stuck in an anvil upon a stone, and the legend arousing it.  “Whoso pulleth oute this swerd of this stone and anvyld is rightwys kynge borne of all Brytaygne”  Many have tried but failed, so the knights and nobles arrange a tournament to win the succession. Sir Ector and his son Sir Kay join in the tournament.

39.  Kay has left his sword in their lodging, so he asks Arthur to retrieve it for him. Arthur finds the lodging locked for the tournament, when he notices the sword, unguarded at the time, in the stone.  Unknowing of the legend, he pulls out the sword with ease and gives it to Kay. Ector notices this and Kay at first tells that he is the rightful heir. He soon admits that Arthur has pulled it out.  Arthur makes a second demonstration in front of the suspicious and disbelieving nobles, who refuse an ordinary, young boy take their prize.  After a series of failed tournaments, the nobles finally give in and beg Arthur for forgiveness. Arthur, a dignified and chivalric young man, forgives them and is crowned King, with Kay as his Royal Senschal from the request of his foster father Ector.

40. ROMANCE HERO Arthur – chosen one to pull out sword, dignified and forgiving. King Uther – esteemed king of Britain, faithful to only one woman QUEST Uther’s quest for love – King Uther endeavours to earn Igraine and have her as his wife EXOTIC SETTING An imaginary version of Britain SUPERNATURAL Merlin’s impersonation magic, the sword of the stone, prophecies HIDDEN IDENTITIES Igraine did not know the father of her child (Uther); Arthur was hidden as the true heir EPISODIC STRUCTURE One adventure to next – Naturally flows from Uther’s episode to Arthur’s story chronologically

41. A match between Sir Tarquine and Launcelot Morgan le Fay & 3 other queens Sir Belleus Tournament (line 170~212)

42. 1.Romance Hero: Sir Launcelot 2.A Quest: Sets out for adventure (Line 7~10) 3.Exotic Setting: Castle of Sir Tarquine (Line 36~42) 4.Supernatural Elements: Spells [Instead, I will cast a spell over him(Line 74~75)] 5.Hidden Identities: Launcelot accidentally wounds Sir Belleus (Line 138~140) 6.Episodic Structure: Escape from Morgan le Fay => Conflict between Sir Tarquine

44. conflict