3.  You can organize the analysis of weather and terrain primarily around the following set of military considerations (KOCOA):  Key Terrain.  Observation and fields of fire.  Cover and Concealment.  Obstacles to movement.  Avenues of Approach.

4.  KEY TERRAIN - features must be considered in formulating defensive tactics. Their selection is based on the mission of the command. Tactical use of terrain often is directed at increasing the ability to apply combat power. Also considered is channeling the enemy into the beaten zone of organic weapons maintained by the battalion.

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6.  OBSERVATION AND FIELDS OF FIRE - are so closely related that they are considered together. Fields of fire are based on observation because a target must be seen to bring effective fire on it. The highest terrain features are generally ideal for observation. However, during times of poor visibility, positions in low areas that the enemy must pass through may provide better observation.

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8.  COVER AND CONCEALMENT - is used together to provide protection from the effects of fire and observation. Cover is protection from the effects of fire. Areas that provide cover from direct fire may or may not protect against the effects of indirect fire. Concealment is the protection from observation or surveillance both air and ground. Terrain that provides concealment may or may not provide cover.

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10.  OBSTACLES - are anything, including a natural or artificial terrain feature, that stops, impedes, or diverts military movement. Entanglements are set up as obstacles along the FLOT or the defensive perimeter to channel the enemy into the beaten zone of various weapons held by the defending unit.

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12.  AVENUES OF APPROACH - are routes the enemy is likely to travel to reach its objective. When setting up the defensive positions, you must visualize all possible enemy avenues of approach into the area.

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14.  Under Ideal terrain conditions units can cover the following:  Battalion - 2500 to 2700 Meters.  Company - 750 to 900 Meters.  Platoon - 400 Meters.  Squad - 150 Meters.

15.  A Sector of Fire is an area assigned to an individual, unit, or crew served weapon to defend.  It is a pie shaped section with edges that are known as lateral limits.  Lateral limits extend from the firing position to an easily identifiable terrain feature.  Sectors of fire must interlock to ensure mutual support by adjacent units.

16. Left Lateral Limit Right Lateral Limit Sector of Fire

17.  A fighting position is a location on the ground from which fire is delivered by and individual, a fire unit (squad or fire team), or a crew served weapon. Before you select a fighting position, the assigned sector of fire is carefully examined from various locations. Examining is done in the prone position to ensure effective coverage of the sector of fire.

18.  There are three classifications of fighting positions.  Primary - The best position from which the sector of fire can be covered.  Alternate - A fall back position that covers the same sector of fire as the primary.  Supplementary - Fighting positions used to cover a units flanks and rear.

19. Primary Alternate Supplementary

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25.  M16 - 1160  M9 - 100  M500 - 12  M60 - 18  M203 - 35  M224 - 8

26.  Crew Serve Weapons - consist of the M-60, M-2, M- 224, MK-19, and the AT-4. Just as the Automatic Rifle is the backbone of a squad or fire team, these weapons are the backbone of the entire Battalions defense. Having said this keep in mind that crew serve weapons will travel outside of a squad, platoon and company fire plan. All crew serve weapons must interlock with one another to provide full frontal coverage.

28.  Maximum Range: 3725 Meters.  Maximum Effective Range: 1100 Meters  Grazing Fire 600 Meters.  Weapons Symbol:

30.  Maximum Range: 6800 Meters.  Maximum Effective Range: 1830 Meters  Grazing Fire: 1000 Meters  Weapons Symbol:

31.  Final Protective Line and Principle Direction of Fire - It is preferred that you utilize a Final Protective Line to ensure maximum coverage across the front of your positions. However if the terrain will not allow you to use an FPL then you must utilize a PDF.

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37.  Maximum Range: 2212 Meters.  Maximum Effective Range: 1500 Meters  Weapons Symbol:

39.  Maximum Range: 2100 Meters.  Maximum Effective Range: 300 Meters  Weapons Symbol:

41.  Maximum Range: 3534 Meters.  Maximum Effective Range: 550 Meters Point and 800 Meters Area.  Weapons Symbol:

42.  Usually a PO3 with a fully auto M-16. The AR should be the only ones with their weapons on auto.  Backbone of the Fire Team, providing heavy fire power.  Acts as the Assistant Fire Team Leader.

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46.  Triple Strand Concertina - This fence consist of two lines of concertinas serving as a base, with a third lines resting on top. All lines are installed with staggered joints. Each line is completed before the next line is started, so a partially completed concertina entanglement presents some obstruction. It is erected quickly and is difficult to cross, cut, or crawl through.

47. X=X=X=X=X=X=X=X=X=X XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X  Supplementary - Used to break up the pattern of Tactical Wire.  Tactical - Used to hamper enemy aggression and channel the enemy into your crew served weapons.  Protective - Prevents close surprise attacks, placed along the FLOT 50 - 100 Meters out.

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51.  Maximum Range: 3490 Meters.  Maximum Effective Range: 3490 Meters  Weapons Symbol: 60

52. Point Target Linear Target Area Target

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56.  Maximum Range: 400 Meters.  Maximum Effective Range: 150 Meters Point and 350 Meters Area.  Weapons Symbol: 40

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61. WIND...M-42 alarms can be a max distance of 400M from the M-22 … … M22 M-42 150M 300M max

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65.  Steel fragments can travel up to 250 Meters.  Fragments are moderately effective up to 100 Meters.  Optimum effectiveness is within 50 Meters.  Weapons Symbol:

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69.  The TA-312 is a 2 wire tactical phone.  Talks up to 14 miles wet and up to 22 miles dry.  Operates on two “D” cell batteries.  Has a press to talk handset.  Must hand crank to call distant stations.  Can talk up to 4 miles in ear piece with dead batteries.

71.  Hand held communication device.  Uses WD-1 wire.  Talks 4 - 7 Miles.  Squeeze signal generator.  Press to talk button.  Light weight and easy to store.  Normally configured in a gun loop.

72.  Operator Maintenance:  Remove dirt and moisture from housing, handset, cord, or connector. Inspect painted surfaces for bare spots, rust or corrosion. Inspect surface for cuts or cracks.  Inspect handset cord for breaks, cuts or deterioration. Inspect for inoperative binding post, broken connector, or hand set connection.

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119. M-60 M-2 M-203 Fire Team Position Squad Position Company Position Platoon Position Mine AT-4 MK-19 M-224 4060