1. PRONOUNS

2. PRONOUNS
SPI Identify the correct use of nouns and pronouns within context
TLW identify personal pronouns and understand their function.
TLW use personal pronouns correctly as subjects and objects in sentences.

3. PRONOUNS A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns
The most frequently used pronouns are called personal pronouns.

4. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Pronouns that are used to refer to people or things are called personal pronouns.
Can be singular or plural
SINGULAR
PLURAL
USED AS I we
SUBJECTS
you
he, she, it
they me us
OBJECTS
him, her, it
them

5. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Personal pronouns can be used as the subject of the sentence or the object of a verb or preposition.

6. SUBJECT PRONOUNS
Subject pronoun: a pronoun in the nominative case used as the subject of a sentence
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
EXAMPLES:
She is my best friend.
It is my dog.
Does he know the answer?
You and I will meet later.

7. OBJECT PRONOUNS
Object pronoun: used as the direct/indirect object or the object of a preposition.
me, you, him, her, it, us, them
Examples:
Give the book to me.
The teacher gave her a reprimand.
I will tell you a story.
Susan read it to them.

8. PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
SPI Identify the correct use of nouns and pronouns within context
TLW identify pronouns and their antecedents.
TLW make pronouns agree in number and gender.

9. PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
The noun or group of words that a pronoun refers to is called its antecedent.
When using a pronoun, make sure it refers to the antecedent clearly.
Be especially careful when you use the pronoun they.
INCORRECT:
They have several books about Greek myths at the library. Who is they?
CORRECT:
Several books about myths are available at the library.

10. PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
Make sure the pronoun agrees with its antecedent in number and gender.
1. The myth of Arachne is amusing. I enjoyed it.
2. The bystanders see Athena. They watch her at the loom.

11. PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
Be careful using THEIR!
Think about the antecedent!
The team lost their coach.
The band will be starting their tour this winter.
Over Christmas break, the school will host their annual basketball tournament.
THESE SENTENCES ARE WRITTEN INCORRECTLY!

12. USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY
SPI Identify the correct use of nouns and pronouns within context
TLW identify subject and object pronouns.
TLW use subject and object pronouns correctly in compound subjects and objects when speaking and writing.

13. USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY
Subject pronouns are used in compound subjects.
Object pronouns are used in compound objects.
EXAMPLES:
He and Carmen wrote a report on the subject. (Not Him and Carmen)
Tell John and me about Hercules. (Not John and I)

14. USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY
A preposition takes an object.
The object of a preposition can be either simple or compound.
You must use an object pronouns as the object of a preposition.
Examples:
Lee read a famous Roman myth to me.
Lee read a famous Roman myth to Irma and me.

15. USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY
Whenever the pronoun I is part of a compound subject, it should always be placed after the other parts of the subject.
When the pronoun me is part of a compound object, it should go after the other parts of the object.
EXAMPLES:
Lee and I read some ancient Roman myths. (Not I and Lee)
Mythology interests Lee and me. (Not me and Lee)

16. USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY
In formal writing and speech use a subject pronoun after a linking verb.
EXAMPLES:
The writer of this report was she.
It is I.

17. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS is a pronoun that shows who or what has something
A possessive pronoun may take the place of a possessive noun.
They DON’T contain an apostrophe
SINGULAR
PLURAL
USED BEFORE my
our
NOUNS
your
her, his, its
their
USED
mine
ours
ALONE
yours
hers, his, its
theirs

18. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS Examples:
Homer’s story is famous.
His story is famous.
This story is Homer’s.
This story is his.
Possessive nouns are in red. Possessive pronouns are in green.

19. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
refers to a person, place, thing, or an idea that may or may not be specifically named.
can be singular, plural, or both depending on the word they refer to
they are singular when they refer to singular words and plural when they refer to plural words.

20. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS all everybody none another everyone no one
any everything nothing
anybody few one
anyone many other
anything more several
both most some
each much somebody
each other neither someone
either nobody something

21. SINGULAR INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
(some) A
(any) N
(no)
E (every)
People
someone
somebody
anyone
anybody
no one
nobody
everyone
everybody
Things
something
anything
nothing
everything
Places
somewhere
anywhere
nowhere
everywhere
**another, each, either, neither, much, one**

22. OTHER INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
Plural
Indefinite Pronouns
Singular or Plural
Both
All
Few
Any
Many
Most
Others
None
Several
Some

23. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS SINGULAR PLURAL Everyone enjoys travel.
Each of the birds built its own nest.
Anyone who has finished his or her sketch should show it to the teacher.
Many of us like to fly.
Several of the ice sculptures are melting.
Were both of the concerts cancelled, or were they just rescheduled?

24. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
When an indefinite pronoun is used as the subject, the verb must agree with it in number.
Everyone discusses the plot. (singular)
Both talk about King Minos. (plural)
All of mythology is about beliefs and ideals. (singular)
All of the myths are about beliefs and ideals. (plural)

25. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS Each of the characters has his or her motive.
Possessive pronouns often have indefinite pronouns as their antecedents.
In such cases, the pronouns must agree in number.
Note that in the first example the intervening prepositional phrase does not affect the agreement.
Each of the characters has his or her motive.
Several have conflict with their rivals.

26. Fill in the blank
agrees that new technologies provide new opportunities.
do their banking, shopping, and research at home on their computers.
believe this is a much more convenient way to conduct their business.
4. Almost uses a credit card made available through technology.
go to the grocery store where technology will tally their purchases.

27. Answers
1. Everyone agrees that new technologies provide new opportunities.
2. Many do their banking, shopping, and research at home of their computers.
3. Some believe this is a much more convenient way to conduct their business.
4. Almost everyone uses a credit card made available through technology.
5. Others go to the grocery store, where technology will tally their purchases.

28. Reflexive & Intensive Pronouns
End in –self & -selves
SINGULAR
PLURAL
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself, herself, itself
themselves
Do not use hisself or theirselves.

29. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
refers to a noun or another pronoun and indicates that the same person or thing is involved
the sentence would not make sense without it-or- it would change the meaning without it
You cannot take it out!
NEVER used as the subject of the sentence
Ex. The woman found herself a book of folktales.

30. INTENSIVE PRONOUNS
is a pronoun that adds emphasis to a noun or pronoun already named
can be removed from the sentence and the sentence will still make sense
NEVER used as the subject of the sentence
George himself bought a copy of American Tall Tales.
He himself paid for the book.

31. Practice
English book page 440

32. TLW Identify interrogative pronouns.
Distinguish between interrogative pronouns and contractions.
Use who and whom correctly.

33. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
is a pronoun used to introduce an interrogative sentence
used to ask a question
Refers to people:
Who
Whom
Refers to Things:
What
Which (choice)
Shows possession:
Whose

34. Example Sentences Who (people) Who invented the phonograph?
What (things, places) What was the kinetoscope?
Which (things, places) Which is the most famous invention?
Whom (people) Whom do people admire?
Whose (people, possessive) Whose was it?

35. Do not confuse: Whose & Who’s
Who: subject pronoun (Can replace with he or she.)
Whom: object pronoun (Can replace with him & her; use as D.O. or after a preposition)

36. WHO VS. WHOM Examples: Who borrowed the book? (subject)
Both pronouns refer to people
Who is used as the subject of the sentence (replace with he/she/they)
Whom is used as an object of a verb or preposition (replace with him/her/them)
Examples:
Who borrowed the book? (subject)
Whom did you let borrow the book? (direct object)
From whom did you borrow the book? (object of a preposition)

37. Who is captain of the football team this year?
Who were the first Americans?
To whom did you give your old skateboard?
Whom did you give your old skateboard to?

38. Practice (Who, Whom) did you buy flowers for?
(Who, Whom) will you call to come and pick us up after band practice?
(Who, Whom) painted that beautiful picture?

39. On Your Own Open your book to page 442.
Get out your whiteboard, marker, and eraser.

40. TLW Identify demonstrative pronouns.
Distinguish between demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adjectives.

41. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
is a pronoun that points out something
Location
Singular
Plural
Something near in space or time (present)
THIS
THESE
Something farther away in distance or time (past)
THAT
THOSE

42. EXAMPLES This is an interesting book. (singular, nearby)
These are interesting books. (plural, nearby)
That is a long book. (singular, at a distance)
Those are long books. (plural, at a distance)

43. Do not confuse with adjectives
This, that, these, & those can also be adjectives.
This pizza is too hot to eat.
Did you watch that television show last night?
I want all these chairs moved to the back of the room.
Please put those shoes in your room.