1. The Written Submission of Practical Work Steve Lazar

2. Options available  8 criterion audit  National Project Marking Schedule

3. Summative Assessment Website  www.nosa.org.uk

4. What is Audit? Concrete Experience Reflection Make Hypothesis Test Hypothesis

5. What is Audit?  Audit is about introducing or measuring change

6. 8 criterion audit Choice of topic:  Choose an area where changes can be demonstrated  Ensure that all the practice agree that it is a worthwhile area for study

7. Criteria and Standards  What is an audit criterion?  Simply put it is a statement of the quality of care that is to be measured  Make certain that no more than three criteria are chosen  Cite evidence for choice  Keep them short, simple and focussed

8. Standards  May need to be flexible  Logical explanation required for choice

9. Teamwork  Audit should not be carried out in isolation  Plan an exit strategy to allow for change to take place and be evaluated

10. Sampling  Stick with the same sampling method for both data collections  Intervention or change?  The Registrar is not being assessed on their ability to sample scientifically.  A general rule of thumb is that a small group of patients should be randomly chosen (say, 15-50) to audit.

11. Data presentation  Ensure data is presented in terms of whole numbers (25/50) and percentages (50%).  Ensure the data presented is relevant to the criteria being measured.  Avoid presenting irrelevant data.  Compare 1st and 2nd data collections with the standard(s)

12. Demonstrating change  Try and provide an explicit example of change taking place. For example, if a new protocol is introduced then attach this as an Appendix  Give any change that is introduced time to bed in before attempting a 2nd data collection.

13. Presenting the submission  Ensure the final written report is compiled in a way that allows easy comparison with the eight criteria contained in the marking schedule.  It may be an idea for the trainer to critically assess the completed audit project using the marking schedule before submitting the project.

14. Choices of Projectfor NPMS  Questionnaire Study  Notes Review  Literature Review  Clinical Case Study  Research Study  Plan for new service in the practice  Discussion Paper

15. Administration details 5 copies of the project A floppy disk 3 first level markers

16. Marking details Descriptors on grid 18 or more No less than 2 on any criterion

17. The project must be based in and relevant to primary care

18. How to structure the project Make the aims clear and keep them simple Use appropriate references, a minimum of 6 is suggested Clear, repeatable method Relate results to aims and methods Summarise findings and evaluate implications Appropriate conclusions

19. What should be in a project protocol?

20. Introduction  Title  The project question  Reasons why it is important and interesting

21. Existing literature  What is already known  What methodologies are appropriate

22. Method  Which one?  Who are the subjects?  Sampling/recruitment?  Data collection?

23. Results  Form  Presentation

24. Conclusions  Relate them to the project question  Compare to current knowledge  Evaluate significance