1. DESCRIBING TRENDS

3. The graph shows the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the course of a day.
Source:

4. The busiest time of the day is in the morning
The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200 at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 3 pm the number rises, with a plateau of just under 300 people using the station.

5. In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a peak of 380 at 6pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.

6. Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning and early evening periods.

7. ADJECTIVE + NOUN
There was a slight fall.
It showed
a lot of
fluctuation.
There was a sharp rise.
There was a dramatic
fall.
…followed by stabilisation
There was a slow increase.

8. VERB + ADVERB
It fell slightly.
It rose sharply.
It fell dramatically.
It fluctuated
significantly.
It levelled off.
It increased slowly.

9. DIFFERENT VERBS
It skyrocketed.
It slipped.
It sank.
It plummeted.
It soared.
It levelled off.
It rallied.
It bottomed out.

10. NOUNS
SORT OUT:
a rise an upsurge a decline a fall an increase a decrease a drop an upturn a downturn
There was a(n)…

11. MORE INTENSITY IN CHANGE LESS INTENSITY IN CHANGE
ADJECTIVES
SORT OUT:
sharp, slight, dramatic, steep, slow, rapid, significant, gradual,sudden, gentle, substantial, considerable
MORE INTENSITY IN CHANGE
LESS INTENSITY IN CHANGE

12. ADJECTIVES→ADVERBS rapid quick slight moderate dramatic considerable
substantial
gradual
steady
rapidly
quickly
slightly
moderately
dramatically
considerably
substantially
gradually
steadily

13. ADJECTIVE OR ADVERB? There was a __________fall.
It fell _____________.
There was a ____________upturn.
The government decreased taxes ________.
They reported a ___________ downturn.

14. TRANSLATE USING ‘RISE’ OR ‘RAISE’
Cijene rastu svaki dan.
Cijene su narasle.
Vlasnik često povisuje cijenu.
Vlasnik je povisio cijenu.
Prices rise every day.
Prices rose. (Prices have risen.)
The owner often raises the price.
The owner raised the price.

15. INTRANSITIVE TRANSITIVE
Prices rise.
He raised the prices.
TO BOOST THE ECONOMY
TO SLASH TAXES
TO BRING DOWN PRICES
RISE
GROW
JUMP
RALLY
FALL
DECLINE
PLUMMET
SLUMP
INCREASE
DECREASE
Unemployment figures
fell.
Time to lower the prices.

16. DRAW THESE SENTENCES USING ARROWS.
The American economy picked up in the first quarter.
The price of oil topped out for the year.
Gold prices plummet in South Africa.
Pharmaxis shares plunge 52 per cent.
India’s GDP bottomed out.
Shares rally on Spanish auction.
Bay Area home prices soar in buyer bidding wars.
Pick up = to improve in condition or activity
Rally = a sudden rise in stock prices
Plummet = to fall or drop straight down at high speed.
Soar = to increase to a high level in a very short time
Plunge = to fall a long way in a short time.

17. PREPOSITIONS Retail sales rose _____$1m _____$2m.
The index increased ____5% (from 10 to 15%)
The index increased ____5% (from 2%).
The company recorded a decrease _____5%.
The company expects a 5% increase ____sales.
Sales stood ____$1 m ____1998.

18. PREPOSITIONS Retail sales rose from $1m to $2m.
The index increased by 5% (from 10 to 15%)
The index increased to 5% (from 2%).
The company recorded a decrease of 5%.
The company expects a 5% increase in sales.
Sales stood at $1 m in 1998.

19. TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES IN ENGLISH.
Cijene su lagano narasle.
Vrijednost dionice je neznatno pala.
Kamatne stope su znatno porasle.
Cijene nekretnina su jako pale.
Vrijednost dionice je dosegla najnižu točku.
Cijena nafte se stabilizirala.
Prošle godine je cijena nafte dosegla najveću vrijednost ikad.

20. MK P. 88 A FINANCIAL NEWS REPORT
MK P. 89 VOCABULARY
HANDOUT (EXERCISES)