1. URBAN DEVELOPMENTS OF HEAVY SNOW AND COLD AREA IN SAPPORO CITY, NORTHAN PART OF JAPAN: 1970-2008 Daisuke SHIOZAKI (Graduate Student, Hokkaido University, Japan) Tadashi KAWAMURA (Graduate Student, Hokkaido University, Japan) Yuichi HASHIMOTO (Hokkaido University, Japan) IGU /UGI Regional Conference 2010 in Tel Aviv, Israel

2. URBAN DEVELOPMENTS OF HEAVY SNOW AND COLD AREA IN SAPPORO CITY, NORTHAN PART OF JAPAN: 1970-2008 This study aims to clarify the trend of urban development in the heavy snow and cold area by using the urban development database between 1970 and 2005 in Sapporo City.

3. Methodology Development City (Sapporo) Relationship First : Spatio-Temporal Analysis of development in Japan Distribution of Development Geology Second : Analyze distribution of Development. Third : Overlay of Geo-Spatial Information Data Urban Development Development Country (Japan)

4. Districts in Japan KYUSYU ・ OKINAWA SHIKOKU TYUGOKU KINKI TYUBU KANTO TOHOKU HOKKAIDO TOKYO SAPPORO OSAKA HOKKAIDO

5. Trends in the number of projects Period 1 : Stable-economy Period 3 : Post asset-inflated economy Period 2 : Bubble economy & Bubble burst (case) (%)

6. Trends in the number of housing development projects and land readjustments (case) Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 X-axis : The number of housing estate development Y-axis : The number of Land Readjustment Y's Data from (HIMIYAMA ・ ARAKI (2006) : land Readjustment and Land-Use Change in Japan since 1980 )

7. Trends in the number of projects (case) Period 2 (year)

8. Trends in the number and size of housing development projects in Japan This map shows the number of completed housing estate development according to prefecture. In Hokkaido, it is large both of the case and area of the project. But, area of Hokkaido is larger than other prefecture. (CASE) TOKYO

9. The number and size of housing development projects in Hokkaido: 1980-2003 this map show the number of completed housing estate development according to community in Hokkaido. It is concentration both of projects case and area in Sapporo and around Sapporo. the case of 38% and the area of 55% are concentrated in Sapporo and around Sapporo. Urban development is not influenced by bubble economy, but we can think that large city is influenced by bubble economy. (CASE) (ha) SAPPORO

10. Urban Development in Sapporo City Analyzing the time series variation of urban development by using 2500 data points which represent urban development projects Analyzing the geo-spatial data to understand the relation between urban development and geological situation

11. Sapporo City Area : 1,121.12 km² Population : 1,891,494 people →A population increase about 900,000 people between 1970 to 2009 (℃)(℃) (cm) (month) temperature in degrees Celsius snowfall in cm

12. Geology Information of Sapporo City Atsubetu kita In Kitago, subsidence has happened as time pass Kitago PEAT SOIL The peat is a soil like the sponge, and the spaces are larger than sand and clay. The peat is made from piled up remains of plant that doesn't corrode enough. When the temperature is low, the speed which remains of the plant are piled up is faster than that of corrosion.

13. Permitted urban development Developmental activity means altering the zoning, shape or quality of land to make it available mainly for the construction of buildings or special structures Urban development is done according to the city’s planning act (i.e., Sapporo) Development of areas larger than 1,000m² need permission of prefectural governors (i.e., Hokkaido) Basically, almost all development projects are permitted if they fulfill the regulation of the city's planning Act.

14. Trends in the number and area of permitted urban development (case)(m²) (year) AREA CASE Period1~Period 3

15. Trends in the number of permitted urban development projects (case in SAPPORO)(case in JAPAN) (year) Japan Sapporo Japan: Data of housing estate development projects (over 3 ha) Sapporo : Data of permitted urban development projects (over 1000 ㎡ )

16. 1980-84 Sapporo station Planning area in Sapporo City Peat soil Period 1 Size ( ㎡）

17. 1985-89 Sapporo station Peat soil Period 1~2 Size ( ㎡）

18. 1990-94 Sapporo station Peat soil Period 2 Size ( ㎡）

19. 1995-99 Sapporo station Peat soil Period 3 Size ( ㎡）

20. 2000-04 Sapporo station Peat soil Period 3 Size ( ㎡）

21. 2005-09 Sapporo station Peat soil Period 3 Size ( ㎡）

22. Conclusions Development in Japan Relationship Distribution of Developments Geology Urban Development Urban development in Sapporo has shown a similar tendency as it did in Japan. Because urban development projects in Japan are done according to city’s planning Act, Sapporo’s local government cannot control urban development when it is, for example, influenced by a bubble economy. As a result of the absence of control, urban development projects which were influenced the bubble economy could expand to areas with peat soil. And because there is more chance of subsidence in peat soil, Sapporo has become more vulnerable to earthquakes. Spatio-temporal Analysis Development City (Sapporo)

23. URBAN DEVELOPMENTS OF HEAVY SNOW AND COLD AREA IN SAPPORO CITY, NORTHAN PART OF JAPAN: 1970-2008 Daisuke SHIOZAKI (Graduate Student, Hokkaido University, Japan) Tadashi KAWAMURA (Graduate Student, Hokkaido University, Japan) Yuichi HASHIMOTO (Hokkaido University, Japan) IGU /UGI Regional Conference 2010 in Tel Aviv, Israel Thank you for your attention