1. The Setting

2. What’s your image of the Japanese landscape? One of these?

3. Something like these?

4. Or something like these?

5. Or maybe even something like this?

6. Japan is all those landscapes; A long and varied chain of islands. Where do the Japanese live? How many people can this land support?

7. How has Japan’s: natural environment, natural resources, and isolation influenced the development of its : n Culture, Economy, Politics n Balance of group orientation, individual expression, and universal values n Processes of change and continuity

8. The Land n Physical landscape n Climate n Vegetation and wildlife n Natural Hazards n The Japanese and Nature

9. Physical Landscape n Islands: Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and thousands more n Mountains: 70% n Plains: coastal, floodplain, mountain valleys

12. Kinki Region: Osaka plain and Kyoto Basin Chubu Region: Nagoya in the Nobi plain

13. Climate n Sub-arctic to sub-tropical temperatures n Snow on the back, sunshine on the front n Monsoons based precipitation n The typhoons that miss Hong Kong

14. Vegetation n Mixed natural forests n Monoculture of artificial forests

15. Natural Hazards n Floods and Landslides n Earthquakes and Tsunamis n Volcanoes n Cold and Snow

16. The Great Tokyo Earthquake of 1923

19. The Japanese and Nature n Religious inspiration n Aesthetic appreciation n Economic and political consequences n Environmental destruction and rehabilitation

20. Religious Inspiration

21. Aesthetic Appreciation

22. Environmental Destruction

23. Environmental Rehabilitation

25. Agriculture and Natural Resources n Agriculture n Natural Resources n Space

26. Why do people form groups?

28. Agriculture n Rice u A basis of the diet u A basis of cooperative organization u A symbol of identity and self-understanding n Other traditional crops n Diversification

29. A Basis of the Diet An Agricultural Product A Form of Organization

30. Sharing Land & Cooperating on its Maintenance

31. Cooperative Organization Built over Centuries

32. Soil Preparation Mar-Apr. Seedling Preparation Mar-Apr. Edo Period 1700’s1960’sNow

33. Planting Apr-May Irrigation, weed and pest control May-Sept.

34. Harvesting

35. Other Traditional Crops& Diversification

36. Natural Resources n Water and beauty in quantity n Enough minerals and fuels for beginnings of industry n Wood and stone in sufficient supply n The new recreational resources

37. The new recreational resources

38. Space n Centralized political and administrative control of space n Government controlled transport and communication n Industrial concentration Urban congestion

39. Government Administered Space

40. Government controlled transport and communication

41. Symbols of Continuity and Change n Food n Villages in the country and the city

42. Continuity and Change in Food

43. Old Villages And New

44. Isolation n Homogenization: a mix of several peoples n Exclusion u Ainu, Burakumin, Koreans, Okinawans, New Immigrants n Reaching out

45. Japan’s Geographic Isolation

46. Summing up n Landscape restrictions on where and how the Japanese could live n Development of strong bonds with natural environment n Development of cooperative groups to make best out of environment n Concentration in plains increased by transportation, economic and political factors n Isolation led to strong, and somewhat exclusive identity, but also need to reach out