1. Types of Child Abuse Physical Abuse
Is when a child is physically injured by any person caring for them.
It is also when a person caring for the child knowingly fails to prevent an injury.

2. Physical signs of Physical Abuse
Unexplained bruising in places where an injury cannot easily be explained
Facial bruising
Hand or finger marks or pressure bruising
Bite marks
Burns (particularly cigarette burns), scalds
Unexplained fractures
Lacerations

3. Emotional signs of Physical Abuse
Afraid or anxious
Unable to trust others a lot of the time
Poor self-esteem
Lacking in confidence
Emotionally withdrawn
Depressed
Sleep disturbance
Feeling angry and frustrated

4. Behavioural Indicators of Physical Abuse
Withdrawn or aggressive behaviour
Vandalism
Unresponsive to others
Self harming behaviours
Inability to take initiative
Sudden changes in behaviour, e.g. from extrovert to introvert

5. Cognitive Signs of Physical Abuse
Speech or language delay
Doesn’t talk at all even though able to
Unable to concentrate
Lack of problem solving ability
Poor achievement at school

6. Types of Child Abuse Sexual Abuse
Is when a person involves a child under the age of consent in any activity that leads to the sexual gratification of that adult.
This often includes physical contact such as rape but can also include taking pornographic photographs.

7. Physical Indicators of Sexual Abuse
Marks or bruising around genital area
Pain or itching in the genital area
Urinary tract infections
Not meeting developmental milestones
Torn, stained or bloody underclothes
Bedwetting, sleep disturbances
Loss of appetite

8. Behavioural and Emotional Indicators of Sexual Abuse
Hints of sexual activity through words, play, drawings, etc.
Informed knowledge of sexual behaviour
Excessive crying
Feeding problems
Anxious or fretful about things
Intense fear of the dark
Poor self-esteem

9. Types of Child Abuse Emotional Abuse
Is when a child’s basic emotional needs are not being met and this has an effect on their behaviour and development.
This can include being constantly ridiculed, criticised or threatened.

10. Behavioural and Emotional Signs of Emotional Abuse
Attention seeking
Withdrawn
Telling lies
Inability to have fun
Low self-esteem
Unable to trust people
Tantrums past age of normal development
Constantly trying to please
Inability to play
Poor bonding with parents/carers

11. Physical and Cognitive Signs of Emotional Abuse
Poor physical development
Illness
Signs of physical abuse
Language delay
Poor concentration span
Difficulties in problem solving

12. Types of Child Abuse Physical Neglect
Is when someone caring for a child persistently exposes that child to danger or persistently fails to fulfil the child’s basic needs and results in health or developmental problems.
Neglect also includes non-organic failure to thrive. This is a medical diagnosis of lack of development in a child where there is no physical or organic cause, such as illness, to account for it.

13. Physical Indicators of Physical Neglect
Poor hygiene
Inadequately clothed
Untreated medical problems
Poor nourishment/always hungry
Regular infections
Poor motor skills and co-ordination
Delay in growth

14. Behavioural and Emotional Signs of Physical Neglect
Listless and inactive
Poor play skills
Doesn’t show excitement
Excessively seeks adult approval
Depressed
Anxious
Feels inferior to peers

15. Cognitive Indicators of Physical Neglect
Language and speech delay
Poor concentration skills
Lack of basic problem solving skills
Delay in development