1. The Joint Research Centre European Commission JRC Emission-PECO Project and Dioxin Emissions in Candidate Countries P. Dilara, B. Paradiž, Emissions and Health Unit

2. The Joint Research Centre European Commission The JRC is one of the twenty-four Directorate Generals of the European Commission What is the Joint Research Centre? CCR DG RECHERCHE DG BUDGET DG AGRICULTUREDG European Commission 20 Commissioners Mr Philippe Busquin European Commissioner for Research DG RESEARCH DG JRC DG ENVIRONMENT and TWENTY OTHER DGs ………

3. The Joint Research Centre European Commission

4. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Emissions and Health Unit Socio-Economic Drivers Environmental Pressures Environmental State Changes Impacts Policy Response Changes in Transport / industry / society Emissions Air Quality Impact on Ecosystems / human health CAFÉ Programme Sectoral Directives WIND Laboratory VELA Laboratory ERLAP Laboratory Mobile Labs Exposure / epi / toxi studies EHU REM

5. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Activities of JRC to support enlargement Status of dioxin inventories in Candidate Countries CC dioxin sources profile Capacities at national level JRC small sources programme Outline

6. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Enlargement Actions in JRC Emission-PECO and AIRPECO projects in EHU In total 18 Projects throughout JRC

7. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Emission-PECO  Set-up a network of laboratories on emissions (more than a 100 contact points up to now)  Harmonisation of measurements on emissions (round robin tests, intercalibration, training)  Review of emissions inventories, policies and measures (questionnaires, reports)  Transfer of know-how on emission measurements, EU emission regulations (visits, training, participation to/organisation of conferences)

8. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Main Focus Assist DG-ENV in implementing the Dioxin Strategy in Candidate Countries –dioxin emissions and inventories –policies and measures to reduce emissions –training course on dioxin stack sampling and analysis –intercomparison of dioxin analysis –assessment of emissions due to household use of solid fuels and abuse of waste as fuel

9. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Status of Dioxin Inventories in CEEC CEEC: 7 out of 10 countries with 75 % of total CEEC population already presented their official inventory to CLRTAP Comparison with EU: 11 out of 15 countries with 78% of total EU population already presented their official inventory to CLRTAP CEEC: Reported per capita dioxin emissions on average 0.03 TEQ mg in 1990 EU: Reported per capita dioxin emissions on average 0.02 TEQ mg

10. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Dioxin emissions in CEEC as reported to CTLRAP CEEC Mean Per capita

11. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Dioxin emissions in EU countries as reported to CTLRAP EU Mean Per capita

12. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Reported sectorial profile of dioxin emissions - CC

13. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Reported sectorial profile of dioxin emissions - EU

14. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Approaches for dioxin emission estimations Most CEEC use only literature derived emission factors Only two countries have performed an extensive, coordinated measurement activity in order to determine national specific emission factors for key sources Uncertainty of dioxin emission estimations likely higher than in EU, due to specific national circumstances and use of non- verified emission factors

15. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Ratio of dioxin to CO 2 emissions  wide range of EF

16. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Ratio of national dioxin estimation submitted to CLRTAP to the TNO/UBA estimates for 1990 * CEEC with emission factors derived from measurements

17. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Priority sectors * *for reducing of overall inventory uncertainty and focusing abatement measures Responses from 12 experts from CEEC to the JRC questionnaire

18. The Joint Research Centre European Commission CC sources profile - waste incineration one order of magnitude lower quantity of MW incineration in CEEC than in EU (per capita) Responses to the JRC questionnaire

19. The Joint Research Centre European Commission CC sources profile - industrial activities Responses to the JRC questionnaire

20. The Joint Research Centre European Commission CC sources profile - Iron&Steel source: World Steel in Figures-2002 edition, International Iron and Steel Institute 200 data, 2001 where marked with *

21. The Joint Research Centre European Commission CC sources profile - residential heating Source: Energy Consumption in households, EUROSTAT, 1999 (data from 1995 (EU) and 1996 (CC)

22. The Joint Research Centre European Commission EU vs. CC sectorial emissions LUA - EU Dioxin Inventory Stage II data + estimations very rough preliminary estimation

23. The Joint Research Centre European Commission EU inventory uncertainty contribution LUA - EU Dioxin Inventory Stage II

24. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Identified capacities at national level Dioxin stack sampling groups + dioxin lab: Czech republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia. Dioxin stack sampling group: Lithuania ? Dioxin lab: Slovakia, Latvia ?

25. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Dioxin Labs Intercomparison Campaign CC1 CC3 Bavel van B.: Final report Seventh Round of the International Intercalibration Study, 2002

26. The Joint Research Centre European Commission JRC small sources programme Parallel approach: direct measurement of emissions and inverse modelling of dioxin ambient air concentrations New JRC small sources facility put into the operation –optimisation of the test ring to reflect real world conditions, –physical conditions identified which cause elevated dioxin conditions from stoves in comparison with central heating boilers, –2 additional visiting scientists from CC to work on the issue Inverse modelling –preliminary results of the evaluation of the data from Graz, Austria and Krakow, Poland indicate high emission factors –new measuring campaigns planned for 2003/2004 heating season

27. The Joint Research Centre European Commission Conclusions Emissions sources profile not uniform across the CC - national approach has to be followed Different source profile in CC than in EU - importance of the non-industrial sources might be higher Proficient stack sampling group exist in CC as well as some proven dioxin labs GEF supported enabling activities under POPs convention starting in CC - possible synergies with “Dioxin emissions in CC”