1. PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Describing Matter

2. How would you describe yourself so that someone else could identify you?
On a separate sheet of paper, write as many physical descriptions of yourself as you can. Do not put your name on the paper.

3. Physical Properties
A property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter.
Physical properties identify matter.
Examples include but are not limited to:
Density
Malleability
Ductility
Solubility
State
Thermal Conductivity

4. Physical Properties Density Amount of mass in a given volume
A substance is always the same at a given pressure and temperature regardless of the size of the sample of the substance.
The density of one substance is usually different from that of another substance.
Density equals mass divided by volume.
D = m / v

5. Practice A bar of copper has a mass of 216 g and a volume of 24 cmᴲ.
What is the density of copper?
The volume of a candy bar is 55 cmᴲ. The mass of the candy bar is 70 g. What s the density of the candy bar?

6. More Practice
An ice cube has a volume of 36 cmᴲ. If the ice cube has a mass of 33.2 g, what is the density of the ice cube?
What is the density of water?

7. Still More Practice
At 4⁰C, pure water has a density of 1 g/mL (1 g/cmᴲ). Suppose that you have 2 liters of pure water at this temperature. What is the mass of this water?
What is the mass of ethyl alcohol that

8. And Yet, Two More : )
What is the mass of ethyl alcohol that exactly fills a mL graduated cylinder. The density of ethyl alcohol is g/mL.
What is the volume of a silver metal that has a mass of g. The density of silver is 10.5 g/cmᴲ

9. Physical Property Malleability Ductility
The ability to be pounded into thin sheets.
Example:
Aluminum can be rolled or pounded into sheets to make foil.
Ductility
The ability to be drawn or pulled into a wire
Example
Copper in wiring – soldering wires or joints

10. Physical Property Solubility
The ability to dissolve in another substance.
Example:
Sugar or salt dissolve in water
Three ways to increase solubility
Heat or make warmer
Grind or smash
Stir or mix

11. Physical Property State of Matter
The physical form in which a substance exists at room temperature, such as:
Solid – matter has a definite shape and volume
Liquid – matter takes the shape of its container and has a definite volume
Gas – matter changes in both shape and volume

12. Physical Property Thermal Conductivity
The ability to transfer thermal energy from one area to another.
Examples:
Plastic foam is a poor conductor, so a hot drink won’t burn your hand.
The inside of the toaster (hot coils)

13. Chemical Property
A property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties.
Combustibility
Flammability
Reactivity
Acids
Bases
Oxidation

14. Chemical Properties Can be observed with your senses.
Are Not as easy to observe as physical properties
Example:
Flammability – Only when wood burns
Combustibility – Only when fireworks explode
Reactivity – Only when iron Oxidizes (rust)

15. Physical Change
A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance.
Do Not form new substances.
Can often be Undone
Example Butter on counter can be placed back in refrigerator.
Change of State
Solid to Liquid
Liquid to Gas

16. Chemical Change
A change that occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties.
Can Not change back under normal conditions (some can be changed back by other chemical means)
Common Examples:
Reactivity – Oxidation (rust) on a bicycle
pH (Acid / Base) – Effervescent tablets
Flammability – Burnt wood
Combustibility - Fireworks

17. 5 Signs of a Chemical Change
The only sure way to know there has been a chemical change is the observance of a new substance formed
Sometimes that is hard to do, so look for the signs…….

18. Sign 1 a Chemical Change
Odor Production-this is an odor far different from what it should smell like
Ex: Rotting eggs, food in fridge, decomposing flesh

19. 2nd Sign of a Chemical Change
Change in Temperature
Exothermic-When energy is released do during the chemical change ex: wood burning

20. Change in Temperature
Endothermic- Energy is absorbed causing a decrease in temperature of the reactant material ex: cold pack in first aid kit

21. 3rd Sign of a Chemical Change
Change in Color Ex: fruit changing color when it ripens, leaves changing color in the Autumn, dying your hair

22. 4th sign of a Chemical Change
Formation of Bubbles
This can indicate the presence of a gas. Bubbles produced when boiling water is not a chemical change.

23. 5th Sign of a Chemical Change
Formation of a Precipitate
When two liquids are combined and a solid is produced