1. PROPERTIES OF MATTER 6 th Grade Matter Unit

2. Characteristic Properties  The properties that are most useful in identifying a substance are its characteristic properties.  Remember the difference between physical and chemical properties.  Physical properties can be observed! (with your eyes!) IDENTITY OF SUBSTANCE DOES NOT CHANGE!  You can observe chemical properties only in situations in which the identity of the substance could change.

3. Types of Properties Physical: properties that can be observed without changing the IDENTITY of the matter A physical property is a property or characteristic of and object or substance that can be observed, described, and measured without changing the matter. Chemical: property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance) Biological: properties of that distinguish living from nonliving matter (growing, moving, reproduce, breathing, responding)

4. What are physical properties?  A physical property is a property or characteristic of and object or substance that can be observed, described, and measured without changing the matter.

5. Mass Definition:  The amount of matter Example:  Triple beam balance to measure  Measured in gram units

6. Volume Definition:  how much space the matter takes up Example:  Irregular objects: Water displacement  Regular objects use measurement  Liters or m 3  1ml = 1cm 3

7. Density Definition:  Mass per unit volume Example:  D=M/V  g/l, g/ml, or g/cm 3  Lead is used for fishing weights because it is more dense than water

8. More information about density...  Density = The amount of matter in a given space or volume Density = m Mass v Volume

9. More information about density...  Most substances have a unique density: Water = 1.00 g/mL Gold = 19.32 g/mL (See page 13 in your book for a bigger list) Density < 1 - The object will float in water Density > 1 – The object will sink in water

10. The Magic Triangle Answers are expressed in g/cm 3 or g/mL

11. State Definition:  The form in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma  Ice = Solid  Water = Liquid  Helium = Gas  Lightning = Plasma

12. Important Temperatures Melting Point: The temperature when a solid becomes a liquid. Boiling Point: The temperature when a liquid becomes a gas. Freezing Point: The temperature when a liquid becomes a solid. Condensation Point: The temperature when a gas becomes a liquid.

13. State

14. Color Definition:  The ability to reflect color Example:  Apples – reflect red or green light  Dog – white with black spots  Hair – blonde or black  Berries – black, red, blue  Smoke – white or black

15. Odor Definition:  The smell or non smell of matter  Odorless, flowery, spicy, nauseating, sweet

16. Clarity Definition:  The ability for light to pass through matter  Transparent: all light passes through  Translucent: some light passes through  Opaque: no light passes through

17. Luster Definition:  The ability to reflect light  Shiny: more reflection  Dull: less reflection

18. Form Definition:  The structure in the matter  Regular: patterned, cellular, crystalline  Irregular – no pattern

19. Texture Definition:  Describing the surface of the matter Examples of textures:  Rough -  Smooth -  Sharp -  Soft -  Hard -  Bumpy -

20. Brittleness Definition:  The ability to break or shatter easily Example:

21. Thermal Conductivity Definition:  The ability to transfer thermal energy (heat) to something else Example:  Coffee in a special cup to prevent heat transfer to our hands

22. Electrical Conductivity Definition:  The ability to conduct electricity (the atoms allow their electron to move or flow) Example:  Metals and non metals  Conductors – good conductivity  Insulators – no conductivity

23. Viscosity Definition:  The ability for matter to flow Example:  Viscous and non- viscous  Syrup, oil, water all have different viscosities (ml/s)

24. Hardness Definition:  The ability to resist scratching The Mohs Hardness Scale: 1 talc 2 gypsum 3 calcite 4 fluorite 5 apatite 6 orthoclase 7 quartz 8 topaz 9 corundum 10 diamond

25. Malleability Definition:  The ability to be pounded into thin sheets Example:  Aluminum can be pounded flat to make aluminum foil

26. Ductility Definition:  The ability to be drawn into thin wires Example:  Copper is used to make wires

27. Example:  Drink mix dissolves in water or sugar dissolves in coffee Solubility Definition:  The ability for one substance to dissolve into another substance

28. Physical Changes  A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance.  Physical changes do not form new substances! EX: ice melting or sugar dissolving  Physical changes are easy to undo.

29. Chemical Properties  property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance)  Chemical properties describe a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties.  Chemical properties cannot be observed with your senses.  Chemical properties aren’t as easy to observe as physical properties.  Examples of chemical properties: flammability and reactivity

30. Chemical Properties  property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance)  Chemical properties describe a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties.  Chemical properties cannot be observed with your senses.  Chemical properties aren’t as easy to observe as physical properties.  Examples of chemical properties: flammability and reactivity  Ex: wood burns to form ash and smoke

31. Chemical Properties

32. Chemical Changes  A chemical change occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties.  You can observe chemical properties only when a chemical change might occur!  Examples of chem. changes: baking a cake rusting

33. Clues to chemical changes  Color change  Fizzing or bubbling (gas production)  Heat  Production of light, sound, or odor.  Chemical changes are not usually reversible!