1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Westward Expansion and Slavery

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Identify the problems faced by Americans moving westward. Describe the impact of the building of the Erie Canal. Discuss the debate over slavery and the Missouri Compromise. Objectives

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People Daniel Boone – a famous early pioneer who helped clear the Wilderness Road turnpike – a toll road corduroy road – a road made of sawed-off logs laid side by side canal – a channel that is dug across land and filled with water Henry Clay – a senator who persuaded Congress to adopt the Missouri Compromise

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. How did Americans move west, and how did this intensify the debate over slavery? New roads, turnpikes, and canals enabled northerners and southerners to move west. Westward expansion threatened to upset the balance between free and slave states and moved the nation closer to civil war.

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. By the 1750s, the Scotch-Irish and the Germans of Pennsylvania had begun to settle the backcountry. During colonial times, the backcountry between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains was considered the western frontier.

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The road crossed the Appalachian Mountains through the Cumberland Gap into Kentucky. In 1775, Daniel Boone and others cleared the Wilderness Road, a new route to the West. The Wilderness Road became the main route across the Appalachians.

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. By the early 1800s, western populations swelled as immigrants moved west. From 1792 to 1819, eight states joined the Union.

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Traveling west was not easy, because settlers used paths worn by animals as their roads. These roads were unpaved, dotted with tree stumps, and easily washed out by rain. Some capitalists decided to build better roads so commerce could flow more easily.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Private companies began to build turnpikes. Travelers on these roads had to pay a toll in order to pass. In marshy areas, wagons traveled on corduroy roads, which were hazardous to horses, but allowed for people in marshy areas to have transportation ¢ ¢ ¢

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1795, a private company in Pennsylvania built a turnpike between Lancaster and Philadelphia. National Road was the 1 st road built with federal money. It was a road running from Cumberland Maryland to Vandalia Illinois in 1811.

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Traveling by road was slow, however, and people began to think about building canals so they could ship goods by water. Work on the Erie Canal, which would connect the Hudson River and Lake Erie, began in 1817.

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The workers who built the canal were mostly Irish immigrants. Because the land in upstate New York is not level, locks were built to raise or lower boats in the canal.

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Erie Canal was very successful. Because it was at the end of the canal, New York soon became the richest city in the United States. Within two years of its opening in 1825, the Erie Canal had paid for itself. Allowed goods to be shipped more quickly and cheaply between the Northeast and Midwest. It sparked a surge of canal building.

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Westward expansion strengthened the United States, but it also caused disagreements over the extension of slavery. In 1819, the United States consisted of 11 “free states,” which prohibited slavery, and 11 “slave states,” which permitted slavery. Free StatesSlave States

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. However, Missouri had been seeking admission to the United States as a slave state since 1817. Northerners did not want to add a slave state to the United States. It was important to maintain a balance between representation of slave states and free states in the Senate.

16. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. A solution to the problem presented itself when Maine, a state that prohibited slavery, applied for admission to the Union. In 1820, Senator Henry Clay persuaded Congress to adopt the Missouri Compromise.

17. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Maine was admitted as a free state. The Louisiana Territory north of the southern Missouri border would be free. Missouri was admitted as a slave state. Southern slave owners could pursue escaped slaves into free states. For the NorthFor the South

18. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The compromise preserved the balance of power between slave states and free states.

19. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Missouri Compromise revealed how much sectional rivalries divided the Union. Northerners were angry that Congress had allowed slavery to expand into another state. In time, the issue of slavery would split the United States. Southerners were unhappy that Congress was making laws about slavery.