1. pH Lab Title your paper!

2. pH Lab Purpose: To measure the pH of common household products. To investigate and understand an acid and a base as well as the effects acids and bases have on the environment and the body.

3. Background Information An acid is a compound that will produce H + in solution (meaning the compound has H on the front and will give the H up when placed in H 2 O). A base is a compound that will produce OH - in solution (meaning that the compound has OH on the end and will give the OH up when placed in H 2 O). We measure the acidity of a substance using the pH scale. The pH scale is divided into three essential parts; the acidic region, the neutral region, and the basic region. 0  7 is considered acidic. 7 is neutral and 7  14 is basic.

4. Background Information Exposure to some acids or bases can cause harm to the human body whereas some acids and bases are used as cosmetics, cleaning materials, and even foods. Acids and bases can also have an effect on our environment. The disposal of these chemicals is critical to the health of the ecosystem around us. In this lab we will explore acids and bases and identify how these compounds affect both living and nonliving things as well as the health of our water systems.

5. Household Product PredictionpHAcid, Base, or Neutral Milk of Magnesia Vinegar Ammonia Water Record name of household product here! Record prediction here! Is the product an acid, base, or neutral? Record pH here!

6. Liquid Procedures 1. RECORD the common household products in the table. 2. PREDICT if the liquids you will test will be acidic, basic or neutral. In the table, record your prediction. 3. COLLECT DATA by testing each of the liquids at your lab station. 4. Place 4-5 drops of each solution in a separate well. Remember which solution went into which well. 5. Each team member will be given one pH strip to test ONE solution. Only 1/2 of the pH strip should be submerged. 6. Compare the color change to the pH scale and RECORD the pH of the household product in the table below. 7. Based on the pH determine if the household product is an acid, base, or neutral and record it in the table below.

7. No liquid Procedures 1. RECORD the common household products in the table below. 2. PREDICT if the liquids you will test will be acidic, basic or neutral. In the table below, record your prediction. 3. Watch video about using red cabbage as a pH indicator pH indicatorpH indicator 4. Using pHet pH simulation, RECORD the pH of the common household products. pHet pH simulationpHet pH simulation 5. Based on the pH determine if the household product is an acid, base, or neutral and record it in the table below.

8. pH Scale

9. AnalysisAnalysis 1. 1.What is an indicator? Explain the indicator used in this lab. 2. 2.Draw a pH scale and place each of the substances you tested in the appropriate spot. Predict where soda, milk, soap, antacids and lemon juice would be on the scale.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 3. Why is it important for water to be neutral? 4. 4.How could you increase or decrease the pH of water? 5. 5.How would the pH of the groundwater be affected if large amounts of ammonia were dumped accidentally? Explain. 6. 6.How would the pH of a stream be affected if car batteries were disposed of in the stream? How would this affect the aquatic life?

10. ANSWERSANSWERS 1. 1.Indicators are chemicals that show whether the given solution is acidic or basic, by the sudden change of color. A universal indicator is a mixed indicator of organic chemicals which not only shows whether the given solution is acidic or basic, but also shows the approximate pH values by giving a wide particular color for a specific value of pH Indicator Final color AcidAlkali LitmusRedBlue Methyl orangePinkYellow PhenolphthaleinColourlessDeep pink The three common indicators used in the laboratory are:

13. ANSWERSANSWERS 3. The pH of water determines the solubility (amount that can be dissolved in the water) and biological availability (amount that can be utilized by aquatic life) of chemical constituents such as nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon) and heavy metals (lead, copper, cadmium, etc.). For example, in addition to affecting how much and what form of phosphorus is most abundant in the water, pH also determines whether aquatic life can use it. In the case of heavy metals, the degree to which they are soluble determines their toxicity. 4. By adding a few drops of alkali to pure water, it's pH increases; and by adding a few drops of an acid decreases the pH of pure water.

14. ANSWERSANSWERS Now, you figure out 5 & 6 Now, you figure out 5 & 6

15. Groundwater Pollution Lab