1. Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Chapter 28 Developmental Disorders

2. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Developmental Disorders Severe, chronic disability Attributable to mental or physical impairment Results in functional limitations

3. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Mental Retardation - Classification of Disorders Autism spectrum disorders Autistic disorder Rhett’s disorder Childhood disintegrative disorder Asperger’s disorder Pervasive developmental disorder

4. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Role of IQ Tests Score < or = 70 Score determines severity of mental retardation Classified as  Mild, moderate, severe, or profound

5. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Mental Retardation Characteristics  Slow to develop speech and language  Slow motor development Prevalence  6.2 to 7.5 million  2.5% – 3%

6. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Etiology of Mental Retardation Unexplained Trauma Infectious Chromosomal Genetic

7. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Etiology of Mental Retardation (cont.) Metabolic Toxic Nutritional Environmental

8. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Mental Retardation Prevention  Immunizations  Child safety  Avoidance of alcohol when pregnant

9. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Mental Retardation (cont.) Treatment and management  Treat cause (if known)  Maintain health  Correct associated conditions  Special education

10. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Epilepsy Characteristics Prevalence Etiology Treatment and management

11. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Epilepsy (cont.) Types of seizures  Generalized Absence Tonic-clonic  Partial Most common type of seizures

12. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Cerebral Palsy (CP) Chronic, non-progressive condition Affecting body movement and muscle coordination Frequently occurs before, during, or immediately after birth

13. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Characteristics of Cerebral Palsy Types  Spastic  Athetoid  Ataxic  Mixed

14. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy 5000 infants diagnosed each year CP affects 500,000 children and adults

15. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Common Etiologies of CP Prenatal Perinatal Acquired Unknown

16. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Treatment and Management of CP Goal: assist individual to achieve maximal potential Multidisciplinary approach to treatment Medications to reduce spasticity

17. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder One of the most common childhood disorders Affects more than 2 million children and adolescents

18. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Commonalities of Developmental Disorders Originate in nervous system Permanent disorders Holistic treatment Treatment goals  Maximize health, quality of life, and productivity

19. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Principles and Perspectives Civil rights Normalization

20. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Developmental Perspective Emphasizes similarities, not differences Developmental stages are same Rate of developmental progression varies

21. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Interdisciplinary Services Continuum of Care Case Management

22. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Nursing Role in Developmental Disabilities Prenatal diagnosis Early identification of developmental problems  Newborn screening  Developmental surveillance  Developmental assessment Interdisciplinary evaluation

23. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Planning with the Family Nursing health care plan Cultural factors Self-care education Family support

24. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Early Years Age birth to 3 years Early intervention is key Thorough assessment of needs Health care

25. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 School Years Legal supports Health care Self-care education Transition services

26. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Transition to Adulthood Residential services Health care Nursing process

27. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 28 Behavior Disorders and Mental Illness Behavior disorders Nursing care Family life