2.  1. Who was Alvin York? (p. 720)  2. What is an armistice and when did it take effect? (p. 721-22)  3. Look at Wilson’s quote on top of p. 723 – summarize in your own words – what is Wilson’s (U.S.) goal?

3.  Spark # ?  Business Items › Extra credit out there – Zimm. and Prop. › Overview / Review sheets – start studying  Finish Film Notes for Shell Shock – pt. 3 – 4:40 – finish (or at end)  The War over Peace – Wilson’s 14 points

4. Outline -Wilsonian Idealism -Peace without victory -Fourteen Points address -Treaty of Versailles -League of Nations -U.S. Response

5.  Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria sign separate peace treaties  Austria-Hungary splinters as ethnicities gain independence  Finally, after mutinies and strikes, ARMISTICE is signed in French railroad car (=cease fire)  November 11, 1918 at 11 am (11 th day, eleventh month, eleventh hour – Veterans Day)

7.  Make the world safe for “peace-loving” nations  Wilson not interested in “spoils” of war › No land, or money, from losers  Interested in: community of organized, common peace › not organized rivalries and power struggles

8. A few examples  1.) open covenants of peace  2.) freedom of the seas  3.) removal of trade barriers  4.) reduction of armaments  5.) impartial adjustment of claims  6.) national self-determination  14.) League of Nations Look at what he’s addressing!!! 1.-Alliances 2. U-boats 3. Imperialism 4. Militarism 5. Talk-not fight 6. Colonization 14. World Wars

10.  Wilson: conquering hero  Big 4 › Britain: David Lloyd George › Italy: Vittorio Orlando › France: Georges Clemenceau › U.S.: Wilson  Others wanted to make C.P. (Germany) pay › Money, land, livestock › Divide up Germany’s colonies

12.  Nations join to: ensure peace, and security for all  Article 10: attack on one = attack on all  No military power---dependent upon members

14. Wilson’s power limited, has to compromise  Self-determination: no outside interference  Re - drawing the map – show map  Blaming Germany › France wanted to cripple Germany › 33 bil in reparations › Germany never forgot, or forgave this humiliation

16.  “Irreconcilables:” Congressmen opposed treaty  “reservationists:” accepted LON but wanted restrictions on U.S. participation  Wilson goes on tour: 36 speeches in 23 days › Pueblo, CO has stroke  Congress: 3 different votes, never ratifies treaty  Postwar gloom – isolationism despite “Superpower status” › Vets no jobs › Production slows so no jobs › Women out of job, African Americans too › Disillusionment at so much death and destruction  “What was accomplished by this waste of youth…?”

18.  Immediate effects › A generation of European men killed or wounded › Dynasties fall in Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia › New countries created › The League of Nations is established to help promote peace

19.  Long Term Effects: › Many nations feel bitter and betrayed by the peace settlements › Problems that helped cause the war --- nationalism, competition---remain › Germany: at fault for starting war, tremendous debt and humiliation › Modern warfare changed forever

20. Filmnotes Post on wiki – your opinion: what was the most important impact of WWI