1. April, 2002Energy Audits1 April, 2002 Ryan Stroupe, Pacific Energy Center DeAnza College: ES 76 Energy Reliability and Your Organization Energy Auditing Skills

2. April, 2002Energy Audits2 Overview of energy audits Billing analysis Reviewing plans, specifications, submittals Preparing for the site visit Retrofit cost analysis Developing a baselining plan Discussion of field measurement Agenda

3. April, 2002Energy Audits3 Identify energy savings potential –improve efficiency –conservation Improve building performance Address comfort problems Pursue utility incentives Prepare for commissioning Why perform an audit?

4. April, 2002Energy Audits4 Analysis –Billing data –Building documentation and drawings Facility walk through –During typical operation –After hours Final Report –Recommended Energy Conservation Measures –Energy/$ savings analysis –Other facility improvements Components of an Energy Audit

5. April, 2002Energy Audits5 Preliminary/Walk though audit Detailed/Investment-Grade audit Focused audit (process loads) Commissioning Types of Energy Assessments

6. April, 2002Energy Audits6 Preliminary Energy Audit Intention: identify in rough terms, cost-effective retrofits Focus: standard retrofit technologies Walk-though, Quick Cost $0.01 to $ 0.05/sf. Minimal instrumentation required Reporting –Recommended ECMs –Some cost analysis (simple pay-back) No computer simulation

7. April, 2002Energy Audits7 Intention: develop complete energy assessment Focus: thorough assessment of facility costs and operation Will require multiple site visits Cost $0.10 to $ 0.30/sf. Advanced tools required Reporting –Recommended ECMs –Estimates of energy savings, installation costs… (life-cycle analysis) –M&V plan Computer simulation Detailed Energy Audit

8. April, 2002Energy Audits8 Commissioning is done to “verify and ensure that building elements and systems are designed, installed, and calibrated to operate as intended.” (LEED definition) Building Commissioning Overall Cost Reductions from Cx Data from”What Building Owners Should Know About Building Commissioning”, Wolpert & Deall,

9. April, 2002Energy Audits9 Why Commissioning? Assures building are fully functional at completion of construction Limits building performance problems Complexity and specialization of modern buildings require Cx Limits change orders and increased costs during construction Limits occupant comfort complaints Provides complete documentation of building project produced Energy savings realized Equipment realizes a longer life Incentives may be available Encourages an integrated design approach Introduces owner advocate/neutral party Building Commissioning

10. April, 2002Energy Audits10 Document design intent Assist with specifications for bid documents Develop Commissioning plan Develop pre-functional and functional test procedures for all equipment Oversee testing (at post-occupancy not just post-construction) Review training and manuals for operations & maintenance staff Provide a complete final commissioning report The Commissioning Process

11. April, 2002Energy Audits11 Billing Data Analysis

12. April, 2002Energy Audits12 Flat rate (fixed $/kWh) Time of use rates –Rates ($/kWh) vary by demand periods –PG&E rates: A6, E7 Demand rates –$/kWh –$/kW –Power factor adjustment –Rates may vary by demand periods –PG&E rates: A10, E19, E20 Real time pricing –$/kWh rate changes based on real cost of generation –PG&E rates: Experimental A-RTP Types of Electric Utility Rates For all rates go to: http://www.pge.com/customer_services/business/tariffs/

13. April, 2002Energy Audits13 E-20S Rate