1. Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?
The Cell
Part 1 EQ: How did eukaryotes evolve?

2. Main Ideas from Chapter 7
The Cell Theory (3 guiding principles)
The Endosymbiont Theory explains how eukaryotes evolved
Organelles are structures with specialized jobs; makes the cell more effiicient

3. Cell Booklet Table of Contents
Pg. 1 Cell Theory Pg. 2 Cell Types Pg. 3 Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote diagrams Pg. 4 Endosymbiont Theory Pg. 5 Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer (pt 1)
Pg. 6 Animal Cell Pg. 7 Plant Cell Pg. 8 Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer (pt2) Pg. 9 All cells have… Pg. 10 Phospholipid bilayer Pg. 11 Compare/contrast chart Pg. 12 Cells Flow chart

4. What are the guiding principles of all cells?
Cell Theory
What are the guiding principles of all cells?
All cells must serve the same characteristics of life as the organism they make up.

5. The Cell Theory Concept #1
All living things are made of cells
I.e. Cells are the building blocks from which all organisms are made.

6. The Cell Theory Concept #2
Cells carry out the basic functions of life
I.e. Reproduce, use energy, respond to environment

7. The Cell Theory Concept #3
New cells arise from pre-existing cells
I.e. Spontaneous generation is not possible. Genetic material directs cell reproduction.

8. Cell Diversity How do the two cell types compare and contrast?
Pro- (“early”) is simple.
Euk- (“true”) is more advanced.

9. Cell Types p. 2 Prokaryotic Cells pro- “early” or before a nucleus
have no nucleus nor other membrane-bound organelles (e.g. bacteria)
Eukaryotic Cells
eu- “true”, -kary “kernel” or nucleus
have nucleus enclosed in membrane & other membrane-bound organelles

10. Prokaryotic Cell (L) Compared to Eukaryotic Cell (R)
Use p. 192 in text to finish
Prokaryotic Cell (L) Compared to Eukaryotic Cell (R)

11. Cell Diversity How are the two basic cell types related?
Eukaryotes may have evolved from prokaryotes.

12. p. 4
Endosymbiont Theory
According to the endosymbiont theory, a symbiotic mutual relationship involved one prokaryotic cell living inside of another.
Also on page 407 of textbook

13. Cell Diversity How do plant and animal cells compare and contrast?
Both are eukaryotes but there are distinct differences!

14. PINK Page (p. 6 or 7): Animal Cell Draw & label a picture
Include all eukaryotic organelles (see p 192)
HIGHLIGHT the lysosome, microtubules, microfilaments, centrioles

15. Cell Structure & Function: Eukaryotic Plant cells have…
Cell Wall - sits outside the cell membrane to give support to plants.
Chloroplasts – converts sun’s energy into “food” (glucose).
Chlorophyll - green pigment in chloroplasts that captures sun’s energy .

16. GREEN Page (p. 6 or 7): Plant Cell Draw & label a picture
Include all eukaryotic organelles (use the same labels used on animal cell)
HIGHLIGHT the chloroplasts, cell wall, and central vacuole (the BIG one)

17. Homework
Do pages 5, 8, 11, 12 (the handout inserts) in your cell booklet
Finish the Cell Booklet p. 9

18. Yes, all cells have the same basic cell structures. They are…
Cell Diversity
How are cells alike?
Yes, all cells have the same basic cell structures. They are…

19. Cell Structure & Function: All cells have a…
Cell Membrane
Controls what enters & exits the cell

20. Cell Structure & Function: All cells have a…
Cytoplasm
Gel-like material supports organelles & gives cell shape

21. Cell Structure & Function: All cells have…
Ribosomes
Site for proteins synthesis (where they are made in the cell)

22. Cell Structure & Function: All cells have…
DNA
Genetic code of instructions for making proteins

23. p. 9 All cells have… Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome
Draw & label picture
Describe its function
Location

24. Cell Diversity
How does the cell membrane work like a bouncer at da club?
If the cell didn’t have a membrane,…

25. Pg. 10 Phospho-lipid bilayerC B D
Insert handout 
A = phospholipid
A1 phosphor- “head” lets things through
A2 lipid “tails” keep things out
B = phospholipid bilayer (2 layers)
C = marker proteins (i.e. name tags)
D = channel proteins (let BIG stuff through

26. Cell Diversity What would happen if cells were missing other parts?
Know the function and how parts work together in the cell

27. Cell Structure & Function: Prokaryotic cells have…
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cell wall
Flagellum

28. Flagellum Also made of proteins
Long, whip-like projections that move the cell through fluid.
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?

29. Cell Wall What if a cell didn’t have this structure?
Provides additional support and protection
Located outside the plasma membrane
Allows molecules to pass through (no selection)
Plants, Fungi, and Bacteria have this
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?

30. Cell Structure & Function: Eukaryotic cells have…
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleus & nucleolus
Centrioles
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Cilia / flagella

31. Cytoskeleton Microfilament and Microtubules
Provides structure and support, like poles of a tent
NOT in “Pro” cells
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?

32. Mitochondria What if a cell didn’t have this structure?
“Powerhouse” of the cell - generates energy for the cell
Converts food particles (in the form of sugars) to energy
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?

33. Mitochondria are made of lots of membranes (inside & outside)

34. Cell Structure & Function: Eukaryotic cells have…
Lysosomes store digestive enzymes that breakdown old organelles and food
Vacuole store materials like water and food
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?

35. Cilia Also made of proteins
Short, hair-like projections that work like oars of a boat to move the cell
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?

36. Cell Structure & Function: Eukaryotic cells have…
Nucleus - control center of the cell that houses DNA
Nucleolus – inside the nucleus; makes ribosomes
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?

38. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Cell Structure & Function: Eukaryotic cells have…
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Folded membrane suspended in the cytoplasm near the nucleus.
Acts like the “highway” of the cell in that it transports proteins around the cell.
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?

39. Types:
Rough ER – area on ER where ribosomes attach; Makes and transport proteins.
Smooth ER – area where no ribosomes are attached, makes lipids (like phospholipids, for example), and it transports proteins.
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?

40. The Smooth (L) & Rough (R) Endoplasmic Reticulum are located next to the nucleus

41. Cell Structure & Function: Eukaryotic cells have…
Golgi Apparatus
Packages and ships proteins to other parts of the cells or to the plasma membrane for export outside the cell.
“Post-Office”, UPS or FedEx of the cell.
What if a cell didn’t have this structure?

42. Also on p. 192:find similarities & differences
Blue post-it for similarities
Yellow post-it for differences

43. Pg. 11 Compare & Contrast Cells Info on page 199 of textbook
Insert handout 

44. Pg. 12 Understanding cells
Answers are at top of the page
Pg. 12 Understanding cells
Insert handout 

45. October 7th You need Venn diagram handout on front table Use with info on page 192 of textbook
Use this handout on p11 of your cell 
booklet to complete Venn diagram

46. Endoplasmic reticulum
How do cells compare? 1
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Vacuole
Mitochondria 2
DNA
Cell memb.
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm 3
Cell wall 4
Cilia 5
Chloroplasts 6
Lysosome
Centriole
Cytoskeleton 7
Capsule
Flagella
Animal
Plant 1 5 6 2 3 4
Prokaryotes 7

47. Do Now: How organelles work together
How do the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus work together?
How do the lysosome, vacuole, mitochondria and chloroplast work together?

48. READING REVIEW Or do VIRTUAL CELL MICROSCOPY PRE-LAB
Summarize the 3 parts of the cell theory.
List 3 characteristics that all cells share.
Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Identify a structure other than a cell wall or a large vacuole that might be found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell. Explain why the animal would not have this structure.
Why must a muscle or sperm cell have more mitochondria than a skin cell?