1. © T. M. Whitmore Last Time SE Asia European colonization Contemporary population issues in SE Asia Country details in SE Asia

2. © T. M. Whitmore Today SE Asia country details: Indonesia & Philippines Australia & New Zealand  Physical Geography  Population and density issues  Historical, economic, and cultural  Immigration and Maori & Aboriginal rights Papua New Guinea & the Pacific realm (Oceania)

3. © T. M. Whitmore Indonesia ~ 221 m pop (~ ½ of total in SE Asia ) Very diverse country (despite being 85% Muslim)  Literally hundreds of local cultures  > 17,000 islands => hard to administer (but most pop lives in Java and Sumatra)  Separatist groups in Papua, Aceh, and the Moluccas (and formerly in E Timor)

5. © T. M. Whitmore Indonesia Population density a problem in Java  > 1,500 per sq mi ~ like a city  Govt. solutions include “voluntary” resettlement of Javanese to outlying islands and Borneo Jakarta — giant city of SE Asia > 8m Economy still dominated by agriculture, but assembly manufacturing and oil gaining Economics hit hard by Ache tsunami

7. © T. M. Whitmore Philippines ~ 85 m pop Mostly Roman Catholic (Muslim in south) thus odd in this group  Fragmented like Indonesia into thousands of islands  Active rebel groups in S Population growth a main issue r ~ 2.3%/yr

9. © W.H. Freeman & Co.

11. © T. M. Whitmore Australia & New Zealand Size and location Physical Geography  Climate  Vegetation and physical features

18. © T. M. Whitmore Population in Australia & New Zealand Australia  Low population  Large area => low density New Zealand  Small pop but small area

19. © Pearson Education – Prentice Hall

20. © T. M. Whitmore History & Settlement of Australia Aboriginal inhabitants European entry & impact Core area of settlement  Either side of Great Dividing Range  Major cities here: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide  Vast majority of pop is urban ~ 85%

22. © W.H. Freeman & Co.

26. © T. M. Whitmore Australia: Export-based primary sector economy mostly Minerals and ores — iron, copper, coal, nickel, etc a major supplier Agricultural animals beef, lambs, sheep, wool (20-30% or total for world) Wheat: 4th largest producer “Import substitution” local economy Spatially economy is like a donut Problem: to keep up with high growth mostly industrial economies in Far East

27. © Pearson Education – Prentice Hall

32. © T. M. Whitmore New Zealand Native settlement  People of Polynesian origins called Maori settled in ~ 1000 AD  Bulk of Maori settlement on N island European exploration and settlement  Tasman in late 1600s  British influence dates from Cook in 1769/70 European and Maori encounters  Initial impact was a prolonged and bloody war  A second impact was the effect of disease

33. © T. M. Whitmore New Zealand Transformations by European settlers  Extinctions: e.g., moas  Introduction of cattle, pigs, and sheep  Huge deforestation Population and settlement  Most settlement is on N island  ~ 4m pop (sheep ~ 25m and cattle ~ 8m  ~ 85% urban  peripheral settlement pattern like Australia

34. © Pearson Education – Prentice Hall

35. © T. M. Whitmore New Zealand Economy  Traditional ties to Great Britain  As the UK joined the EC and preferential trade was stopped  Does not have a rich mineral resource base – animal agriculture base  Modern economic ties are to various Pacific rim countries

39. © T. M. Whitmore Immigration, Maori, & Aboriginal rights Australian aboriginal rights  Court cases have given economic rights  Backlash by right wing political parties  Aborigines are by far the worst off of groups Maori issues  increasingly demanding traditional rights to fishing etc.  ~ 10% of pop is Maori  by 2010 they may be 25% of pop

40. © W.H. Freeman & Co.

41. © John Wiley & Sons Aboriginal Land claims N. Territory Aboriginal lands

42. © W.H. Freeman & Co.

43. © T. M. Whitmore Immigration, Maori, & Aboriginal rights II Asian immigration in Australia  Until 1970s Australia maintained a “Whites only” immigration policy  changed in the 1970s and a large number of Asians have immigrated to Australia  now only ~ 1/3 of Australians are of UK background

44. © W.H. Freeman & Co.