1. Geography

3. 5 Themes of Geography Location –Absolute –Relative Place –Cultural characteristics –Physical characteristics Region Movement Human and Environment Interaction

4. Location Describes where places are on earth. Types of Location: –ABSOLUTE: exact location on earth (fixed) Doesn’t change –Latitude/Longitude –Hemispheres –Grid System – Address –RELATIVE: compared to other places (variable) Changes dependent upon where you’re comparing it to. –Miles –Distance –Direction

5. Location Absolute –address 555 Trojan Trail Glasgow, KY 42141 –latitude/longitude 37ºN; 85°W Relative –What is it located near? Barren County is near Warren County

6. Absolute Location 555 Trojan Trail Glasgow, KY 42141 Glasgow, Kentucky 36°59’44”N 85°54’42”

8. Latitude and Longitude

10. Lines of Latitude and Longitude are measured in terms of degrees.Lines of Latitude and Longitude are measured in terms of degrees. Degrees (°) are divided into minutes.Degrees (°) are divided into minutes. –Minutes symbol is ΄. –There are 60 minutes in a degree. Latitude degrees are N and S.Latitude degrees are N and S. –0° to 90°N/S Longitude degrees are E and W.Longitude degrees are E and W. –0° to 180°W/E

12. Lines of Latitude are called parallels.

13. Lines of longitude are called meridians. 180° longitude = International Date Line

15. A▪A▪ C▪C▪ B▪B▪ E▪E▪ D▪D▪ H▪H▪ G▪G▪ F▪F▪ J▪J▪ I▪I▪ A________________________ F.________________________ B._______________________G.________________________ C._______________________H.________________________ D._______________________I. ________________________ E._______________________J.________________________

16. Mountains are on the EAST side of the river

17. Create a map that shows the route you traveled from your house to BCMS. Include street names, road numbers, turns, as if you were giving someone directions to your house.

18. Place A place is defined by it’s unique characteristics. What kind of place is it? What do you think of when you imagine China? Japan? Russia? Saudi Arabia?

19. Place Places have both human and physical characteristics, as well as images. –Physical characteristics –Cultural/human characteristics

20. Place Cultural Characteristics –Kinds of houses, means of transportation, recreational activities, jobs, languages, and religion Physical Characteristics –Climate, soil, plant life, animal life, bodies of water Hola Hello

21. Physical Characteristics Specific to THAT place. –The way a place looks. Created by nature. –Mountains –Rivers, Lakes, Seas –Climate –Vegetation Examples: –Andes Mountains are in South America. –Amazon River flows through Brazil. –Pampas are located in Argentina. –The isthmus of Panama connects Central & South America.

22. Cultural Characteristics Specific to THAT place. –Peoples activities change the way a place looks or is represented. Man-made or invented. –Language –Unique buildings –Religious Practices –Celebrations/traditions/holidays Examples: –Portuguese is the official language of Brazil. –Many Mexicans are Catholic. –Mayan ruins are located in Mexico. –Cinco de Mayo is a national holiday in Mexico.

23. Describe a favorite city, state, or country. How do the physical characteristics in the place influence the customs? Native Americans in Alaska wear different clothes, have different architecture, and have different lifestyles than the Native Americans in Florida.

26. Movement The movement of people, the import and export of goods, and mass communication

27. Movement Places do not exist in isolation. –Interconnectedness of the world changes the way places “look”. Today: “globalization” –People, goods & ideas move from place to place. Examples –Immigration from Latin America to US. –War in Iraq (troops, supplies, ideas, people) –MySpace, Facebook (ideas)

28. Movement The movement of people, the import and export of goods, and mass communication (ideas) have all played major roles in shaping our world. People everywhere interact. They travel from place to place and they communicate. We live in a global village and global economy.

29. Movement Not only do humans move but also ideas move; fashions move; fads move. What is an example of an idea that moves? Fashion? Fad? How do we depend on people in other places? How would our lives change if our movement options changed? What would happen if we traveled by camel or horse? How do we actually get food?

33. What places did your ancestors leave in order to settle in the US? Why do you think they moved to America?

34. Region Areas that have similar unifying characteristics Gateway to the West Highest elevation Smallest of the regions Grass looks Blue Largest caves 2/3rds of coal in KY

35. Region The world is divided into different regions based upon similarities & differences. –Climate –Location –Beliefs –Languages –Ethnicity/Race Types: –Formal –Functional –Vernacular (perception)

36. Formal Region Most common/familiar. Determined by the distribution of a uniform characteristic (physical or cultural) –Location –Climate –Religion Examples –The Rockies, –The Great Lake States –Tropics (countries located near equator)

37. Functional Region Serves a purpose that affects places around it. –Distributes goods/people –Serves specific purpose Examples: –Panama Canal –TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) –Hollywood

38. Vernacular Region Areas loosely defined by people's perception (i. e., The South, The Middle East). What region do we live in? What type of region is it? What are its characteristics? --South --Southern Kentucky --near WKU

42. Human and Environment Interaction Humans adapt, depend, and modify the environment.

43. Human/Environmental Interaction (HEI) The environment & people are interconnected. How do humans and the environment affect each other?

44. HEI There are three key concepts to human/environmental interaction: –Humans adapt to the environment. – Humans modify the environment. – Humans depend on the environment.

45. HEI Consequences to those actions depend upon how people choose to interact with the world and use their resources. –Positive/Negative –Intentional/Accidental –Favorable/Destructive

46. HEI Current Enviromental Issues: –Climate Change (global warming) –Energy Resources –Water Conservation

47. What are some more examples of ways that humans use and modify the environment in places in which they live?

52. Examine: The Windward is the side of a mountain that is facing into the direction that the wind is coming from. The Leeward side is the wind protected side of a mountain.

53. Why are leeward sides of mountains drier than windward? How would this impact where people settle?

54. How does geography influence where businesses such as gas stations and malls are built?

57. Assignment You and your assigned partner will brainstorm a list of examples for the five themes of geography. For example—you will determine an example for absolute and relative location for location. You will need an example for each theme/sub themes. Try to determine examples that no one else would have. You have 10 minutes.

58. Homework Illustrate the 5 themes of geographyIllustrate the 5 themes of geography

59. Two ways for a cartographer to map: 1.Globe – 3D; has height, depth, and width 2.Map – 2D

60. Comparing Globes and Maps Which is more accurate? –Globe, because it is shaped like the earth. –Only accurate way to draw earth is a sphere. Which is easier to read? –Map –Because they show more about the world’s people

61. Different Types of Maps 1.General purpose – shows a wide range of general information 2.Physical map – shows natural features 3.Political map – shows places that people have created 4.Special-purpose – shows information on specific topics

62. Mercator Projection- Mercator Projection- shows accurate land shapes but not accurate size and distance Most popular; Most incorrect; distorted; Greenland and Alaska are huge on the map.

64. Interrupted Projection – Interrupted Projection – Goode’s as a cut-up sphere; shows size more accurate but difficult to calculate distances

65. Robinson projection – Robinson projection – gives fairly accurate view of most sizes, shapes, and directions; shows a fairly accurate picture of the relationship between land masses and water; used more than the interrupted

66. Landforms and Water

67. Basin

68. Bay Hanauma Bay, Oahu Hawaii

69. Canyon

70. Cape

71. Channel

72. Cliff

73. Continent

74. Cultural Feature

75. Delta Mississippi River Delta Nile River Delta

76. Divide

77. Downstream

78. Elevation

79. Equator

80. Glacier

81. Gulf

82. Harbor

83. Highland

84. Hill

85. Island

86. Isthmus

87. Lake

88. Latitude

89. Longitude

90. Lowland

91. Map

92. Meridian

93. Mesa

94. Mountain

95. Mountain Peak

96. Mountain Range

97. Mouth

98. Ocean

99. Ocean Current

100. Parallel

101. Peninsula

102. Physical Feature

103. Plain

104. Plateau

105. Prime Meridian

106. Relief

107. River

108. Sea Dead Sea

109. Seacoast

110. Sea Level

111. Sound Long Island Sound Puget Sound, Seattle

112. Source

113. Strait Bering Strait Strait of Gibraltar

114. Tributary

115. Upstream

116. Valley

117. Volcano

118. Tributaries Tributaries small waterways that feed into larger waters i.e. creeks into rivers

119. Topography Topography study of the surface; “top” of the earth Elevation – height above sea level Relief – difference in height

122. CLIMATEECLIMATEE

124. Exit Slip: Match the description to the correct term Address Culture Manmade lake Similar characteristics Immigration States outlined landforms defined Population map Like a flatten globe correct sizes and shapes accurate shapes but not sizes 1.Mercator6. Special Purpose 2.Interrupted7. Location 3.Robinson8. Place 4.Physical9. Region 5.Political10. Movement 11. Human/Environment Interaction