1. Warm up How do you feel about the idea of paying taxes in the future? Should they be higher or lower? How and why?

2. 7.2 Taxes Evaluate how the government collects and distributes tax revenue

3. I. The Constitution and Taxes A.Article 1, Section 8 A.“power of the purse” (taxing) B.First power given Congress C.Used to run government B.Limitations A.No taxes on churches (1st Amendment) B.Taxes used for public purposes only

4. C. Early Taxes 1.duties, tax on goods coming in to country, main source of gov’t money for a long time 2.Direct tax- based on population (3/5 compromise included slaves) 3.Indirect tax- on goods (liquor tax)

5. II. FORMS OF TAXES

6. A. Income tax A.Allowed by 16th Amendment B.It is a Progressive tax: percentage paid goes up with income 1.Percentage determined with Tax brackets 1992 1993 - 2000 2001 2002 2003 - 2007 15% 10% to $8000 15% to $32500 28% 27.5%27%25% to $79000 31% 30.5%30%28% to $165000 36%35.5%35%33% to $358000 39.6%39.1%38.6%35% and above

7. B. Corporate Income Tax A.On corporations B.US is highest in industrialized nations. C.Capital gains taxes- on stock market profits

8. D. Payroll taxes 1.Social Security- for retired and disabled 2.Medicare- healthcare for elderly

9. E. Other taxes 1.Excise Taxes- taxes on goods and services 1.They are Regressive taxes- takes a larger percentage of income from poor than wealthy. Ex: Gasoline tax is 10%. $100.00 of gas is a $10 tax. That $10 is tougher for poor to pay than wealthy. 2.Gifts and estates 1.“inheritance” or “death” tax 2.Gifts up to $12000 not taxable

10. Taxes in depth worksheet

11. Warm up In your opinion 1.When considering the budget for the federal government, what types of things would you put at the top of your list? Why? 2.In what ways would your federal budget differ from your personal budget you did on the budget project?

12. III. BUDGETING & SPENDING 7.2 notes part 3

13. I. The Government’s Budget A. budget – plan for how the government will raise and spend money 1.Created by President and Congress 2.Fiscal Year – a 12 month period for which a budget is effective. 3.Begins Oct. 1 and ends Sep. 30 of the following year

14. B. Revenue vs. Expenditures Revenue: tax money flowing into government Expenditures: money being spent by government

21. C. Spending is divided into two types: 1. Mandatory Spending – spending that does not need annual approval Examples: Social Security Benefit Checks and interest payments on the government debt. 2. Discretionary Spending – expenditures that must be approved each year Examples: Money for highway construction and military/defense.

25. D. Budget Breakdown 1. Entitlement programs – social security, Medicare and Welfare – 50% of the budget 2. Defense – 20%, 3. interest on debt 8-9%

26. E. Borrowing 1. Deficit – spending above revenue ($1.5 trillion) 2. Debt – money borrowed and not paid back

27. How Quickly Does the Debt Grow? Let’s find out http://www.usdebtclock.org/

30. IV. THE BUDGET PROCESS

31. A. Budget Process 1. President sends a budget outline to Congress. a. Office of Management and Budget- office within the Federal Bureaucracy (Executive Branch) whose function is to assist the President to prepare the budget

32. 2.Congress then passes a budget resolution a. Plan for revenues and spending for the year b. sets target for how money will be spent in various categories

33. 3.Must be approved by both chambers and then signed into law or vetoed by the President. 4.Current annual budget is near $4 trillion

34. Creating the Budget WHERE DOES THE FEDERAL BUDGET COME FROM?? $

35. Let’s review a key concept… What is a budget? The Federal Budget $

36. $ A budget is… A. a type of plan for printing money. B. something the government uses to measure things. C. a plan for receiving and spending money. D. a pet bird. budget I see! A budget is a plan for receiving and spending money.

37. The federal budget is… A. a type of plan for printing money. B. the US government’s plan for managing revenue and spending. C. the President’s plan to save a lot of money. D. a really big pet bird. federal budget I see! the federal budget is the US government’s plan for managing revenue and spending. The Federal Budget $

38. Creating the Federal Budget $ Now that you know what the federal budget is… (a plan for managing revenue and spending)… you will learn about how the federal budget is created!

39. Creating the Federal Budget $ The goal is for THIS PERSONandTHESE PEOPLE to work together to create a federal budget for the country. The President The Congress

40. Creating the Federal Budget $ The first thing you should know is that it takes over a year for a budget to be created. I get to go first! The President and his team at the Office of Management and Budget work to develop a proposal for the budget.

41. Step One: President’s Proposal $ This budget proposal is due on the 1st Monday in February and it includes the following things: spending priorities plans for raising revenues through taxes lots of documents supporting each item!!

42. STEP ONE: President’s Proposal

43. Step Two: Budget Resolutions $ The House of Representatives comes up with its plan for the budget… In order to develop their plans, they take several things into consideration: the President’s budget outline the previous year’s budget new programs or projects that government agencies want to start The Senate comes up with its plan for the budget…

44. Step Two: Budget Resolutions $ These budget plans include lots of details and contain tables like this:

45. Step Two: Budget Resolutions $ These plans are called RESOLUTIONS… budget resolution A budget resolution is a document that lays out a rough budget. It is a plan for Congress as they work to create an official budget. Rough Draft

46. STEP ONE: President’s Proposal STEP TWO: House Budget Resolution STEP TWO: Senate Budget Resolution

47. Quick Review! $ A budget resolution is… A. a budget plan that the President must sign into law. B. a plan written by Congress that sets guidelines for the budget. C. when two people come together to get over their financial differences. D. the stuff you spray on stains on your carpet, right?

48. Step Three: Conference Committee $ Once budget resolutions are made, it is time for the House and the Senate to come together to create the budget!

49. Step Three: Conference Committee $ Selected Representatives from the House… And selected Senators from the Senate… come together in a… CONFERENCE COMMITTEE

50. Step Three: Conference Committee $ CONFERENCECOMMITTEE Conference Committee A Conference Committee brings the House and Senate committee members together to resolve differences between the two houses of Congress.

51. The goal of this Conference Committee is to approve one final budget resolution that combines the House and the Senate’s budget resolutions. Step Three: Conference Committee $ CONFERENCECOMMITTEE House Budget Resolution Senate Budget Resolution JOINT Budget Resolution

52. STEP ONE: President’s Proposal STEP TWO: House Budget Resolution STEP TWO: Senate Budget Resolution STEP THREE: Conference Committee to Approve Budget Resolutions

53. $ Step Four: Appropriations Committees Once the Conference Committee has created a joint budget resolution the House and Senate have to tackle the massive project of creating a budget.

54. $ Step Four: Appropriations Committees This job is made a little bit easier by dividing spending on specific projects into categories… Agriculture & Rural Dev. Commerce, Justice, Science Defense Energy Legislative Branch Financial Services Homeland Security Labor, HHS, Education Veterans Affairs & Military Construction Interior & Environment Transportation & Urban Dev. State Dept & Foreign Twelve different categories!

55. $ Step Four: Appropriations Committees Each of these categories is given to an APPROPRIATIONS subcommittee to pass an APPROPRIATIONS bill! appropriation = money set aside for a specific purpose $ $ For example… The Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense would decide to set aside $6.5 billion for researching and building a new type of fighter jet. That is an appropriation!

56. $ Step Four: Appropriations Committees The House and the Senate both split into these 12 smaller committees! Each committee develops a plan for spending money on smaller, specific projects in its category. House Appropriations CommitteesSenate Appropriations Committees

57. STEP ONE: President’s Proposal STEP TWO: House Budget Resolution STEP TWO: Senate Budget Resolution STEP THREE: Conference Committee to Approve Budget Resolutions House VotesSenate Votes STEP FOUR: 12 House Appropriations Committees STEP FOUR: 12 Senate Appropriations Committees

58. Step Five: Committees Work Together $ Each Appropriations Subcommittee from the House meets with the matching Appropriations Subcommittee from the Senate… HouseSenate

59. Step Five: Committees Work Together $ …and they work together, comparing their appropriation bills and making compromises, until each subcommittee has one final version! HouseSenate

60. STEP ONE: President’s Proposal STEP TWO: House Budget Resolution STEP TWO: Senate Budget Resolution STEP THREE: Conference Committee to Approve Budget Resolutions House VotesSenate Votes STEP FOUR: 12 House Appropriations Subcommittees STEP FOUR: 12 Senate Appropriations Subcommittees STEP FIVE: Appropriations Committees Work Together & Compromise

61. Quick Review! $ An appropriations bill is… A. something that balances out mandatory and discretionary spending. B. a bill that manages money spent on the army. C. a bill that lays out how money will be spent on specific projects. D. an equation for solving proportions.

62. Congress Votes $ The Senate votes… The House votes… Each committee returns to its house of Congress and presents its appropriations bill.

63. STEP ONE: President’s Proposal STEP TWO: House Budget Resolution STEP TWO: Senate Budget Resolution STEP THREE: Conference Committee to Approve Budget Resolutions House VotesSenate Votes STEP FOUR: 12 House Appropriations Committees STEP FOUR: 12 Senate Appropriations Committees STEP FIVE: Appropriations Committees Work Together & Compromise House VotesSenate Votes

64. When approved by both houses of Congress, the bills head to the President! Step Six: To the President! $

65. $ Finally, it’s my turn again! The President gets to decide if he will sign the appropriations bills or veto them! If he signs them, they become part of the final budget October 1 st And all this has to happen by October 1 st … *Whew*

66. STEP ONE: President’s Proposal STEP TWO: House Budget Resolution STEP TWO: Senate Budget Resolution STEP THREE: Conference Committee to Approve Budget Resolutions House VotesSenate Votes STEP FOUR: 12 House Appropriations Committees STEP FOUR: 12 Senate Appropriations Committees STEP FIVE: Appropriations Committees Work Together & Compromise House VotesSenate Votes STEP SIX: To The President!

67. The Budget in Action $ The new federal budget goes into effect on October 1 st. Government agencies (like the Department of Defense or the Department of Energy) can only spend the money that has been appropriated for them by the final bills that were signed by the President.

68. $ REVIEW Now, let’s review some of the key concepts…

69. $ Put the six steps in order: Which comes first? Conference Committee to Approve Resolutions Appropriations Committees Work Together To The President! Appropriations CommitteesPresident’s Proposal Budget Resolutions A B C D E F

70. $ Which comes second? Conference Committee to Approve Resolutions Appropriations Committees Work Together To The President! Appropriations CommitteesPresident’s Proposal Budget Resolutions A B 1 D E F Put the six steps in order:

71. $ Which comes third? Conference Committee to Approve Resolutions Appropriations Committees Work Together To The President! Appropriations CommitteesPresident’s Proposal Budget Resolutions A 2 1 D E F Put the six steps in order:

72. $ Which comes fourth? Conference Committee to Approve Resolutions Appropriations Committees Work Together To The President! Appropriations CommitteesPresident’s Proposal Budget Resolutions A 2 1 D 3 F Put the six steps in order:

73. $ Which comes fifth? Conference Committee to Approve Resolutions Appropriations Committees Work Together To The President! Appropriations CommitteesPresident’s Proposal Budget Resolutions A 2 1 D 3 4 Put the six steps in order:

74. $ Which comes sixth? To The President! Appropriations Committees Work Together5 Budget Resolutions2 President’s Proposal1 D Conference Committee to Approve Resolutions3 Appropriations Committees4 Put the six steps in order:

75. REVIEW $ Now in order… To The President! Appropriations Committees Work Together 5 Budget Resolutions2 President’s Proposal1 Conference Committee to Approve Resolutions3 Appropriations Committees46 Great Job!

76. $ BONUS QUESTION The federal budget is created between what two days?

77. BONUS QUESTION $ The first Monday in February and October 1 st !

78. Seth Rogan at an Appropriations Committee Meeting https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hvdbHSG WAgs