2. Scientific Method Formulate a question Develop a hypothesis Experiment or gather data Analyze data Draw conclusions Share results Writing Peer review Publishing Repeat Why do research? Increase empirical knowledge Satisfy curiosities Learn more about the natural world Develop new technologies Have a better understanding of the connectedness of the universe Cure diseases Engineer products Guide political decisions

3. THE THEORY OF GRAVITY I HAVE A THEORY THAT... Scientific Theory The culmination of many scientific investigations Theory  Idiom ◦ A word that is used figuratively in regards to the literal meaning  Could be confused for: ◦ Idea ◦ Belief ◦ Assumption ◦ Feeling FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS → COLLECT DATA → VALIDATE HYPOTHESIS → REPEAT→

4.  Inferences are drawn from observations.  Example ◦ Observation: You are in a car, coming home from school, and you notice the car in front of you is swerving. ◦ Inference:

5. People have been observing and recording data on sea levels around the world for hundreds of years. The figure to the left shows the sea level for different U.S. coastal cities, dating back as far as possible. What can you infer from these data?

6.  Peer Review ◦ When the research is complete, scientists write scholarly papers that describe their purpose, methods, data, and results. ◦ Papers are written with the intention that other scientists can reproduce the experiment. ◦ The paper is highly scrutinized by anonymous experts in the same field. ◦ The paper is either accepted or rejected. ◦ If accepted, the paper is published, usually in a scientific journal, for other scientists and scholars to read and use for reference.  Purpose ◦ Prevent/remove bias in papers  Misinterpreted or irrelevant results  Personal views ◦ Improves writing and information in paper

7. Can you use logic and evidence to explain the phenomena of this usually straight pencil appearing bent in water?

10. Evidence that the Earth is round: -Lunar Eclipse -Horizon -Gravity -Sailing around the world -Flying around the world -Pictures from outer space

11.  Can make falsifiable predictions  Uses scientific method  Repeatedly confirmed  Can be adapted ◦ As new evidence is discovered, a scientific theory can changed or added to.

12.  Now define science in your own words……