3. The Homefront 1) During the 1950s and 60s America was obsessed with communism 2) The American public and gov’t was hysterical over the threat of communism 3) The threat of nuclear war was always present during the Cold War

4. The Homefront 4) Public schools would even have nuclear war drills

7. The Homefront 5) The U.S. government even encouraged citizens to build bomb shelters in their own basements

9. The RED SCARE 1)Many Americans became convinced that there was a communist threat within the U.S. 2) The Red Scare = public hysteria about the threat and presence of communists in the U.S 3) As a result of the Red Scare communists were persecuted for their beliefs in the U.S.

10. THE HUAC 1) HUAC = The House Un-American Affairs Committee 2) This government organization convicted people for being communists

11. THE HUAC 3) Many people were interrogated because of “guilt by association” (If your friends were communists, you must be too)

12. THE HUAC 4) The HUAC specifically targeted Hollywood actors and writers 5) If you were accused of being a Communist you would usually loose your job

13. Sen. Joseph McCarthy 1) Leader of the fanatical anti- communist campaign in the ‘50s

14. Sen. Joseph McCarthy 2) He claimed that he had the names of 200 Communists that were working for the U.S. Government a. McCarthy played on American fears of communism to eliminate his political enemies

15. Sen. Joseph McCarthy b. McCarthy had little to no evidence to support his accusations 3) The term “McCarthyism” = became known as making false accusations based on rumors or guilt by association

16. Cold War Spies 1) Alger Hiss

17. Alger Hiss 1) He worked for the U.S. State Department 2) He was accused of being a Russian spy 3) Many Americans thought he was innocent 4) Sentenced to four years in prison

18. 2) Julius and Ethel Rosenberg 1) Both were Russian spies who stole secrets about the atomic bomb and sent them to the USSR 2) Both were executed for espionage

19. Cold War Spies 3) Both of these court trials were highly publicized and they increased public fears of communists within the U.S.

20. Virginia and the Cold War 1) The heavy military expenses throughout the Cold War benefited Virginia’s economy more than any other state

21. Virginia and the Cold War  The Hampton Roads area is home to several large naval and air bases

22. Virginia and the Cold War  Northern Virginia is home to the Pentagon (U.S. military headquarters) and numerous private companies that contract with the U.S. military

23. Election of 1960 A) Eisenhower’s Vice President, Richard Nixon (Rep.) ran against John F. Kennedy (Dem.) VS.

24. 1) This election had the first televised debates in history and it played a major role in the election Election of 1960

26. B) Kennedy won the election (Lyndon B. Johnson was his Vice Pres.) PresidentVice President &

27. Pres. Kennedy and the Cold War C) Kennedy became president in 1961

28. Pres. Kennedy and the Cold War 2) In his inaugural address as President, Kennedy pledged that the U.S. would “pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty”

29. Pres. Kennedy and the Cold War 3) At the end of the same speech Kennedy also said, “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country”

30. The Berlin Wall 1) Germany had been divided into east and west since the end of WWII

31. The Berlin Wall 2) The city of Berlin (In East Germany) had also been divided between the Allies

32. The Berlin Wall 3) The citizens of East Berlin began to move to into Allied controlled West Berlin to escape communist oppression 4) To prevent this migration the USSR erected a huge concrete wall to divide the city in 1961

33. The Berlin Wall (1961)

34. KENNEDY AND CUBA

35. Cuban Revolution 1) Fidel Castro led a communist revolution that took over Cuba in the late 1950s

36. Cuban Revolution 2) The Soviet Union quickly recognized the new communist state 3) Many Cuban rebels fled to Florida to escape Cuba

37. The Bay of Pigs invasion (1961) 1) Kennedy supported a CIA plan to overthrow Fidel Castro 2) The CIA armed 1200 Cuban rebels to attack Cuba to lead a popular uprising against Castro

38. The Bay of Pigs invasion (1961) 3) The U.S. promised to give the Cuban rebels air support for their invasion

39. The Bay of Pigs invasion (1961) 4) The rebels invaded at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba and the U.S. did not provide air support 5) The invasion did not start an uprising and was a horrible failure

40. The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) 1) In 1962, the USSR put nuclear missiles in Cuba and pointed them at the U.S. 2) Kennedy demanded that the USSR remove the missiles

42. The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) 3) For 13 days, the world was on the brink of nuclear war 4) The USSR conceded to remove the missiles if the U.S. agreed not to invade Cuba

43. JFK assassinated (1963) 1) President Kennedy (a WWII veteran) was assassinated in 1963

45. JFK assassinated (1963) 2) There have been numerous theories about who was behind the Kennedy assassination 3) There is now sufficient public evidence to suggest that there was a government cover-up from their investigation

46. JFK assassinated (1963) 4) This event shook the nation’s confidence and began a period of serious internal strife and division (1960s & 70s) within the American public that had not existed since the Civil War

47. JFK assassinated (1963) 5) This division of the American public was especially spurred by U.S. involvement in Vietnam

48. (An extremely divided American public)

49. 6) Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson became President in 1963 (Democrat)