1. Unit I: Introduction to Comparative Government and Politics Gildea

2. I. What is comparative government and politics?  Comparative politics involves comparing domestic political institutions, processes, policies, conflicts, and attitudes in different countries. 11.16.10

3. II. The Scientific Methods A.Normative vs. Empirical B.Causation vs. Correlation A.Normative vs. Empirical B.Causation vs. Correlation

4. III. Methodology A.Three World Approach (what’s in a name?) B.Informal politics: understanding civil society’s connections to formal institutions. C.Political change: Post 1991: world is no longer dominated by two superpowers. D.Integration of political and economic systems: attitudes and behavior of citizens is connected to economic systems and desires for government intervention A.Three World Approach (what’s in a name?) B.Informal politics: understanding civil society’s connections to formal institutions. C.Political change: Post 1991: world is no longer dominated by two superpowers. D.Integration of political and economic systems: attitudes and behavior of citizens is connected to economic systems and desires for government intervention

5. Vocabulary Break  State  Regime  Power  Nation  Government  Legitimacy  State  Regime  Power  Nation  Government  Legitimacy

6.  http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/21/2010_failed_states_index_interactive_m ap_and_rankings http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/21/2010_failed_states_index_interactive_m ap_and_rankings  http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/21/2010_failed_states_index_interactive_m ap_and_rankings http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/21/2010_failed_states_index_interactive_m ap_and_rankings

7. Review from 11.17.10  Industrialized Democracy  Communist  LDC/NIC  State  Regime  Power  Government  Nation  Industrialized Democracy  Communist  LDC/NIC  State  Regime  Power  Government  Nation Thinking about vocabulary: What is it? Why does it matter?

8. Vocabulary  Legitimacy

9. IV. Too legit to quit…Max Weber and Legitimacy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cdk1gwWH-Cg&feature=related

10. IV. Too legit to quit…Max Weber and Legitimacy A.Traditional Legitimacy: 1.Often involves important myths and legends 2.Ritual and ceremony (monarchies) 3.Can be shaped by religion (god-ruler) 4.Closest modern exp.: Middle East and sharia law A.Traditional Legitimacy: 1.Often involves important myths and legends 2.Ritual and ceremony (monarchies) 3.Can be shaped by religion (god-ruler) 4.Closest modern exp.: Middle East and sharia law

11. B.Charismatic Legitimacy 1.Dynamic personality 2.Notoriously short-lived because it does not survive its founder B.Charismatic Legitimacy 1.Dynamic personality 2.Notoriously short-lived because it does not survive its founder

12. C.Rational-legal Legitimacy 1.Well-established laws and procedures 2.Anchored by strong institutions 3.Rule of law a.Common law (Great Britain) b.Code law (China, Mexico, and Russia) ****Most modern states are based on rational-legal legitimacy******** C.Rational-legal Legitimacy 1.Well-established laws and procedures 2.Anchored by strong institutions 3.Rule of law a.Common law (Great Britain) b.Code law (China, Mexico, and Russia) ****Most modern states are based on rational-legal legitimacy********

13. D.Factors supporting legitimacy 1.Economic well-being 2.Historical tradition/longevity 3.Charismatic leadership 4.Nationalism/shared political culture 5.Satisfaction with government’s performance D.Factors supporting legitimacy 1.Economic well-being 2.Historical tradition/longevity 3.Charismatic leadership 4.Nationalism/shared political culture 5.Satisfaction with government’s performance

14. Vocabulary Break  Democracy and capitalism  Political culture  Identity  Political participation  Public Policy  Globalization  Inputs  Support  Demand  Outputs  Interest Group  Political Parties  Democracy and capitalism  Political culture  Identity  Political participation  Public Policy  Globalization  Inputs  Support  Demand  Outputs  Interest Group  Political Parties

15. IV. Types of Political Culture A.Consensual political culture: 1.Disagreement over processes and policies 2.Accepts legitimacy and regime B.Conflictual political culture: 1.Sharply divided 2.Ex. Capitalism vs. communism, or secular vs. Islam A.Consensual political culture: 1.Disagreement over processes and policies 2.Accepts legitimacy and regime B.Conflictual political culture: 1.Sharply divided 2.Ex. Capitalism vs. communism, or secular vs. Islam

18. V. Industrialized Democracies “Democracy is the worst form of government except for all the others that have been tried.” --Winston Churchill “Democracy is the worst form of government except for all the others that have been tried.” --Winston Churchill

19. A.Criteria: 1.Basic freedoms (belief, speech, and assembly) 2.Rule of law 3.Competitive, fair, and free elections 4.A strong civil society and civic culture 5.Capitalism and affluence A.Criteria: 1.Basic freedoms (belief, speech, and assembly) 2.Rule of law 3.Competitive, fair, and free elections 4.A strong civil society and civic culture 5.Capitalism and affluence

20. Vocabulary  Suffrage  Electoral system  Single member district  Proportional representation  Rule of law  Cleavages  Suffrage  Electoral system  Single member district  Proportional representation  Rule of law  Cleavages

21. B.Bases of Social Cleavages 1.Social class: a. UK: working class traditionally voted for the Labour Party, middle-class for the Conservatives 2.Ethnic cleavages: a. based on different cultural identities (language, religion) 3.Religious cleavages: a. Often closely linked to ethnicity (Northern Ireland nationalist Catholics and loyalists Protestant) B.Bases of Social Cleavages 1.Social class: a. UK: working class traditionally voted for the Labour Party, middle-class for the Conservatives 2.Ethnic cleavages: a. based on different cultural identities (language, religion) 3.Religious cleavages: a. Often closely linked to ethnicity (Northern Ireland nationalist Catholics and loyalists Protestant)

22. 4.Regional cleavages: a.Often linked to economic development b.Uneven development between northern and southern Nigeria. 5.Coinciding and cross-cutting: a.Coinciding: disputes align b.Cross-cutting: groups may conflict in one area but cooperate on others. Social conflict is minimized. 4.Regional cleavages: a.Often linked to economic development b.Uneven development between northern and southern Nigeria. 5.Coinciding and cross-cutting: a.Coinciding: disputes align b.Cross-cutting: groups may conflict in one area but cooperate on others. Social conflict is minimized.

23. Reading Connections http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&year=2009

24. Reading Connections: Freedom House United Kingdom Russia China Mexico Nigeria Iran How “free” are these countries?

25. Reading Connections 1.Fully Democratized: Great Britain and Mexico 2.Partially Democratized: Russia and Nigeria 3.Undemocratic: Iran and China Prospects for Democratization??? 1.Fully Democratized: Great Britain and Mexico 2.Partially Democratized: Russia and Nigeria 3.Undemocratic: Iran and China Prospects for Democratization???

26. C. Political Spectrum:  Left  Social Democracy  Liberals/Radicals  Christian Democrats  Right C. Political Spectrum:  Left  Social Democracy  Liberals/Radicals  Christian Democrats  Right

27. Vocabulary  Catch-all  Members of Parliament (MP)  Post-industrial Society/Post-modern  Greens  Realignment  Cabinet responsibility  Vote of confidence  Coalition  Bureaucracy  Iron Triangle  Integrated Elite  Interventionist State  Catch-all  Members of Parliament (MP)  Post-industrial Society/Post-modern  Greens  Realignment  Cabinet responsibility  Vote of confidence  Coalition  Bureaucracy  Iron Triangle  Integrated Elite  Interventionist State

28. Let’s play password!!

29. VI. Current and Former Communist Regimes Good Bye, Lenin! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJb4efZcFUM Good Bye, Lenin! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJb4efZcFUM

30. “Writing about Communism in the early 21st century is like trying to shoot at a rapidly moving and even more rapidly shrinking target.” --Charles Hauss “Writing about Communism in the early 21st century is like trying to shoot at a rapidly moving and even more rapidly shrinking target.” --Charles Hauss

31. Chapter 8 Vocabulary

32. A. 1989: The year that changed the world  Revolution in Poland  Agreement to elections and Communists agreed to give up power  Hungary  Soviets dismantled the iron curtain along Austrian border  Led to free elections in 1990 and people fleeing Hungary  Revolution in Poland  Agreement to elections and Communists agreed to give up power  Hungary  Soviets dismantled the iron curtain along Austrian border  Led to free elections in 1990 and people fleeing Hungary

33. 1989: The year that changed the world  Tiananmen Square:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNUaX EcpLX4&feature=fvw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNUaX EcpLX4&feature=fvw  Fall of the Berlin Wall:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK1Mw hEDjHg&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK1Mw hEDjHg&feature=related  Tiananmen Square:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNUaX EcpLX4&feature=fvw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNUaX EcpLX4&feature=fvw  Fall of the Berlin Wall:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK1Mw hEDjHg&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK1Mw hEDjHg&feature=related

34. B. Remnants of the Communist World 1.2007 only five Communist countries left: a.China b.North Korea c.Vietnam d.Laos e.Cuba 1.2007 only five Communist countries left: a.China b.North Korea c.Vietnam d.Laos e.Cuba

35. 2.Time period is important for two reasons: a.Evolution of liberal democracies b.To understand the present, we must acknowledge the past. 2.Time period is important for two reasons: a.Evolution of liberal democracies b.To understand the present, we must acknowledge the past.

36. VII. The Less Developed Countries “Decisions made in Washington are more important to us than those made here in Dar es-Salaam. So, maybe my people should be allowed to vot in American presidential elections.” --Julius Nyerere, former President of Tanzania “Decisions made in Washington are more important to us than those made here in Dar es-Salaam. So, maybe my people should be allowed to vot in American presidential elections.” --Julius Nyerere, former President of Tanzania

37. TED Talks  Hans Rosling: new insights on poverty http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_reveals_new_insights_on_ poverty.html  Hans Rosling: new insights on poverty http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_reveals_new_insights_on_ poverty.html