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HOT TOPICS: Biomass HOT TOPICS: Biomass Rachel Ruggirello, Science Educator Paul Markovits, Science Educator
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 2 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. NREL Map of Infrastructure and Potential Renewable Energy Sources Locate the best region(s) for each type of renewable energy.
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 3 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Aims of this Workshop PEDAGOGY Determine the ways in which biomass energy can be used to teach physical and life science content, the engineering design process and inquiry skills Develop competency in hands-on, inquiry demonstrations and lab experiences about wind energy for the classroom SCIENCE CONTENT Explore the carbon cycle and investigate the impact of biomass energy use on the carbon cycle Explain the four essential processes involved in gasification and apply gasification to solve a real-world problem Describe the steps necessary for synthesizing ethanol for fuel Differentiate between a gasoline engine and diesel engine and characterize the fuels that go in each engine Explain the processes of transesterification and polymerization for producing biodiesel and plastics, respectively Determine the relative efficiencies and advantages and disadvantages of the different forms of biomass technologies
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 4 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. What is Energy? Energy makes change possible. We use energy for everything we do. Heat, light, motion, electrical, chemical, nuclear, gravitational How would you classify the forms listed above?
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 5 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Clean Energy? The growth of clean and domestic renewable energy is an important part of addressing climate change and increasing energy security. What are some examples of clean and renewable energy sources?
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 6 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Biomass Energy as a Theme for Teaching Science Interdisciplinary topic Hits on many important strands of the NSES Can emphasize some content more heavily to meet needs of your curriculum Tied to basic scientific principles Authentic problem Focus of current scientific research, engineering applications and industry
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 7 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. What is Biomass?? Use of biomass can greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions Can reduce dependence on foreign oil Supports U.S. agricultural and forest-product industries For every megawatt of biomass produced, 4.9 jobs are created! Biomass power is carbon neutral electricity! Reduces CO 2 emissions by 15.2 tons annually!
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 8 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Carbon Cycle
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 9 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming Process by which thermal radiation from from Earth is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases (CO 2, H 2 O, CH 4 ) and is reradiated in all directions.
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 10 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Types of Biomass Energy Applications Biopower Using biomass to generate electricity Six ways: (1) direct-fired; (2) cofiring; (3) gasification; (4) anaerobic digestion; (5) pyrolysis; and (6) small modular Biochar Charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass Sequesters and captures carbon dioxide Biofuels Ethanol Biodiesel Bioproducts Replace products made from fossil fuels Examples: antifreeze, plastics, glues, artificial sweeteners, gels for toothpaste
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 11 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Biopower Gasification Pyrolysis Direct/Co-Firing Anaerobic digestion
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 12 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Biofuels Ethanol Biodiesel Fuels from Algae
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 13 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Bioproducts Petrochemical industry makes products from fossil fuels – similar products can be made from biomass instead! Biochemical conversion Breaks biomass down to component sugars and converts them to carbon monoxide and hydrogen These products can then be used to create new products Bioproducts made from sugar Antifreeze, plastics, glues, artificial sweeteners, and gel for toothpaste Bioproducts made from carbon monoxide and hydrogen of syngas Plastics and acids (photographic films, textiles, and synthetic fabrics) Examples of Bioproducts
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 14 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Science Concepts Students NEED to Know Periodic table Elements, Molecules and Bonding Biogeochemical cycles Carbon cycle Greenhouse effect Photosynthesis Chemical reactions (ex: combustion) Balancing chemical reactions Functional groups Cell walls Catalyst Mechanics of engines Energy density Flash point Organic Chemistry (e.g., Transesterification/Polymerization)
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 15 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Overview of Today Overview of BIOMASS ENERGY CURRICULUM POGIL Models – The Carbon Cycle & Greenhouse Effect » Do Models 4 and 5 (Carbon Cycle) – pp. 11-12 » Do Models 7 & 8 (Greenhouse Effect/Carbon Dioxide and Temp) – pp. 15-17 DEMOS Online Carbon Cycle Game Greenhouse gases LABS Carbon Cycle Board Game Modeling Carbon Sequestration Making and Experimenting with a Biochar Stove CHALLENGE Density of Oils and the Right Amount of Catalyst EXTENSION Make and Purify a Batch of Biodiesel (Use it to run diesel lawn equipment!) CLOSING and EVALUATION
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 16 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Thank you!!!! Information about borrowing kits will be sent to you via email Rachel Ruggirello ruggirello@wustl.edu Paul Markovits markovits@wustl.edu
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 17 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. RESEARCH AT WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Oxy-Coal Combustion and Carbon Sequestration with Biomass
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Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center 18 PARC is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences as part of an Energy Frontier Research Center. Engineers study different approaches to reducing carbon emissions Dr. Axelbaum discusses problems the facility is designed to address and the commingling of coal and biomass
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