2. Can you think of a few examples?

3. Greeting – We establish who we are and introduce ourselves on first and subsequent meetings. Satisfying needs- In order to get what we want, ask for something or express our desires, we have to let others know. Controlling people in the environment – This can be by giving instructions or, in some cases, order. Social interactions – A major purpose of communication. We express a wide range of emotions; we interact with others to fulfil a basic human need to socialise

4. Self expression – We define our individuality, beliefs, values, wishes and personality. Seeking information – In order to learn and explore life. Informing others – We exchange information to increase understanding. Imagining – A way of expressing creativity, being innovative and sometimes day dreaming and escaping from reality. Reasoning – This enables us to solve problems and make sense of things that happen.

5. Activity to discuss in groups: Explain how communication affects relationship in work settings, think about: Babies Settling children Supporting children's play and learning Transition Effective team Working with youth

7. Listening skills can be broken down into three clusters: Attending skills Following skills Reflecting skills

8. Attending skills: These can be used to describe the non-verbal communication which shows that you are paying close attention to the speaker. Attending skills include: Leaning forward Appropriate body movements Head nodding Eye contact (depending on culture) These all signify that the listener is paying attention

9. Following skills: It is important for the listener to follow what the speaker is saying. Do not try to lead or direct the conversation (depending on circumstances) Encouragement in the form of paralanguage – ‘Mm’, ‘Really’, ‘Aha’ – shows that you are listening Use open questions to allow people to think by respecting silences – these both contribute to a successful communication

10. Reflecting skills: These involve: Repeating and confirming to people what they have said Not giving your own opinion Paraphrasing and reflecting feelings and facts, eg‘You feel upset because the deadlines are coming ever closer’

11. Communication methods and styles Answer guide: Facial expressions Gestures Eye contact Tone of voice Personal space Body positioning Makaton, alternative communications

12. Dress Diagrams Pictures Emphasis on words British sign language