1. May 8, 2012 Warm Up 1.Take out journal 2.Study notes over space 3.Take out half sheet of paper for daily quiz

2. Daily Quiz 5-8-12 1. Our solar system is made up of 8 _____. 2. The only planet in our solar system that can support life is ______________. 3. Life on Earth would not exist without the Earth’s a_____________________. 4. The Earth’s atmosphere is a mixture of g___________. 5. The ________ layer filters and reduces the sun’s harmful rays.

3. In the story “Goldilocks and the three bears” Goldilock talks about things being just right. How does this relate to life in space? Explain. Discussion: http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at- nasa/2003/02oct_goldilocks/http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at- nasa/2003/02oct_goldilocks/

4. Exploration A. Consider the information given in the table below and answer the following questions. Bowl Name: PAPA BEAR MAMA BEAR BABY BEAR Bowl Temp: 85ºC20ºC52ºC Bowl Diameter: 20 cm 13 cm 4 cm Bowl Color: Electric Blue RedYellow i.Whose bowl of porridge did Goldilocks choose? ii.What characteristic about the porridge did Goldilocks use to decide which bowl was “just right”?

5. Exploration B. Consider the information given in the table below and answer the following questions. Chair Name: PAPA BEAR MAMA BEAR BABY BEAR Chair Temp: 22ºC Chair Height: 40 cm33 cm20 cm Chair Material: MetalWoodPlastic i.Which chair did Goldilocks choose? ii.What characteristic about the chair did Goldilocks use to decide which bowl was “just right”?

6. Exploration C. Consider the information given in the table below and answer the following questions. Bed Name:PAPA BEAR MAMA BEAR BABY BEAR Bed Temp:22ºC Bed Height; 15 cm Bed Stiffness: HardSoftMedium i.Which bed did Goldilocks choose? ii.What characteristic about the beds did Goldilocks use to decide which bowl was “just right”?

7. Why is lots of life on Earth? Name _________________________________________ Date __________________ Period ________ Activity #2 Why Is There Abundant Life On Earth? Examine the information provided in the table below and answer the following questions. Planet Name: VenusEarthMarsPlanet Mass (MEarth):0.8 MEarth1 MEarth0.1 MEarthPlanet Radius(REarth)0.95 REarth1 REarth0.5 REarthDistance from Sun(DEarth).7 DEarth1 DEarth1.5 DEarthAverage surface Temperature:456oc10oc-95ocAtmosphere Thick Medium Very Thin Note: 0.8MEarth means that the planet has a mass that is 80% the mass of Earth. A.Which of the characteristics listed in the table allow life to flourish on Earth but not Venus and Mars? Explain your reasoning. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ B.Describe how the characteristics identified in part A would change if the following changes were made. The Earth was moved closer to the Sun. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ The Earth was moved farther from the Sun. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ The Sun’s temperature was much hotter and it was much larger. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ The Sun’s temperature was much cooler and it was much smaller. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

8. Defining the Habitable Zone The planets in our Solar System orbit the Sun at very different distances. Scientists have developed a system for describing distances in our Solar System based on the average distance between the Earth and the Sun. The Astronomical Unit (AU) is approximately 149,570,000 kilometers (the average Sun-Earth distance). The distances between objects in our Solar System are measured using the AU as the common unit of distance. The table below provides the planet’s name and average orbital distance to the Sun.

9. Convert the distances from km to AU for each of the planets in our Solar System. Planet NameDist. To Sun in km Dist. To Sun in AU Mercury 57,950,000 km Venus 108,110,000 km Earth149,570,000 km Mars227,840,000 km Jupiter778,140,000 km Saturn1,427,000,000 km Uranus2,870,300,000 km Neptune4,499,900,000 km Pluto5,913,000,000 km 0.39 AU 0.72 AU 1 AU 1.5 AU 5.2 AU 9.5 AU 19.1 AU 30 AU 39.5 AU

10. Defining the Habitable Zone The presence of liquid water at the surface of a planet appears to be one of the central characteristic that distinguishes whether or not a planet can harbor life. This requires that the planet be at a distance from the central star where the temperature is not too low to cause all water to freeze nor too high to cause all water to boil. The region around a star where the temperature is “just right” is known as the “zone of habitability.” For a star like our Sun the zone of habitability has been identified as between.84 AU and 1.7 AU. The next slides show you where the zone of habitability is in the Solar System.

11. Zone of Habitability

13. Defining the Habitable Zone Discussion Questions 1) Which of the planets in our Solar System may have the potential for liquid water on the surface. Explain how you can tell. 2) Is the Moon in the zone of habitability? Does the Moon have liquid water on the surface? Why, or why not? 3) Describe how the location of the zone of habitability would change it the central star’s temperature was to increase.

14. Activity #4 The Sun Is A Star? Obtain a set of “Star Cards” from your teacher. Examine each star card and using the information provided sort, the stars by their distance from the Earth, from largest to smallest. Does the star’s temperature appear to depend on the distance from the Earth? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______ Compare the color of the star to its temperature. Compare the spectral class of the star to its temperature. Do the color or spectral class of the star appear to be related to the star's temperature? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______ Sort your star cards by temperature, from coolest to hottest. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______ E.Consider the four characteristics (1) Temperature, (2) color, (3) distance, and (4) class or spectral type. Which characteristics most strongly influence the size and location of the habitable zone? Explain your reasoning for each. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______ F.If we are looking for Earth-like life elsewhere in the universe, which of the stars described on the star cards would you explore first? What spectral classes did you choose? Explain the reasoning behind your choices. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______ Scientists believe that life as we know it is most likely to exist around stars most like our Sun, in the F, G and K classes. Size, temperature and light appear to be important factors in identifying these stars. How would the zone of habitability be different around an "F" star, or a "K" star as compared to the Sun? Explain your reasoning. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______

15. Exit Questions to Ponder… 1) What are some characteristics of our solar system which allow life to exist? 2) Which planets can support life? Why?