1. Takafumi Hamaoka, MD, PhD Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, JAPAN MUSCLE RESEARCH WORK WITH BRITTON CHANCE FROM IN VIVO MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY TO NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY Takafumi Hamaoka, MD, PhD Kevin K. McCully, PhD University of Georgia

2. The first point of contact between BC

3. The first point of contact between BC and our research group was in late 1980’s in Hawaii Triathlon Race (Hawaii is a good place to visit as a vacation, but not as a field research, HOT!!).

4. Prof. Iwane

5. The first point of contact between BC I have heard that Prof. Iwane, my former supervisor in cardiology, had met one (presumably Dr. Pamela Douglas) of the cardiologists travelled from U of Penn to Hawaii, who had told BC a phenomenon of myoglobinemia (>10 3 fold post-race) after triathlon race lasting over 10 hours. Then, BC invited Iwane, who did not conducted basic science, but rather inclined to clinical science, to his lab and had him talk about long-distance race and myoglobinemia. Inviting Iwane was puzzling to us (and also himself) at that time.

6. But, I have understood why BC had contacted Iwane, later at a table over a dinner with BC. We have already chased and tested exhaustive triathletes immediately after the race for changes in near-infrared myoglobin and hemoglobin signals using off-line mini-RunMan with a battery for a field study which Chris Albani had built. (I have even heard that BC wanted to ship a magnet from Japan to Philadelphia and temporarily install the magnet in Hawaii on the way for testing exhaustive muscle of triathletes!!)

8. BC was trying to calculate on a napkin how much intramuscular myoglobin was released to the blood stream and urine over the race based on Iwane’s research data. The amount of Mb, which has been released to extramuscular space, would correspond to the decrease in muscle NIR signal post-race. In a melting human muscle model, BC wanted to differentiate Mb signal from overall NIR signals which, I believe, still remains to be solved.

10. Conventional Muscle Study

11. Muscle biopsy

13. Happy with muscle biopsy?

15. METHODOLOGIES Tc MRS NIRS MRI US φ L ・

17. What stimulates mitochondrial oxygen consumption?

18. Hamaoka et al., JAP, 1996 Hamaoka et al., J. Biomed. Opt., 2000 There is no oxygen gradient between venous and interstitial compartments Functional anoxic condition Basal metabolic rate measurement = 8.2  M ATP/sec

20. End of Exercise = 8.2  M ATP/sec = 82  M ATP/sec x 10

21. Four different intensities of exercise for changes in both muscle oxygen consumption and phosphorus metabolites

22. J. Appl. Physiol. Hamaoka et al. 1996

23. J. Appl. Physiol. Hamaoka et al.

24. Display and self-powered sensor NIRS imager with display Energy harvesting sensor flexible display energy harvesting module, data logging module sunlight or LED Flexible display 3) What is the major challenge to achieving this?

25. Summary BC has conducted MRS and NIRS research on elite athletes and a number of chronic health conditions, including patients with chronic heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and neuromuscular myopathies. As MRS and NIRS technologies are practical and useful for measuring human muscle metabolism, we will strive to continue Chance’s legacy by advancing muscle MRS and NIRS studies.

26. BC, thank you for your time for us!!

27. Triathlete 100km Runner Tennis Player Middle Aged Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, JAPAN