1. Learning Vocabulary QUESTIONS:  How do you learn vocabulary?  Do you often forget vocabulary? Why?  What do you need to know to really know a word?

2. What Should I Do?  To really learn vocabulary, you need to:  Be organized  See and use the words many times  Test yourself often  To know a word, you need to know more than just its definition. You need to know:  The number of syllables and the stress pattern  The spelling and pronunciation  The part of speech  The meaning and an example sentence  Other forms of the word

3. Syllables  A syllable is a part of a word with one vowel sound (not letter).  Vowel letters: A, E, I, O, U, sometimes Y  How many vowel letters? How many vowel sounds? Meat Lately  How many syllables?  Tomato  Classroom  Worked  Newspaper  Dishes  Unbelievable  Shrimp Sy-lla-ble

4. Word Stress  There is always one stressed syllable in every multisyllabic word. We call this primary stress.  A stressed syllable is:  Di-nner  En-joy  A-la-ska looooooongerLOUDER!clearer higher Stretching a rubber band while you say a word can help you remember the stressed syllable.

5. Why Do We Care?  Research tells us that incorrect syllables and stress are the most confusing things to native English speakers.  “Can I borrow your bicycle?” X bicycleX bicyclebicycle  “I walked here.” X wal-kedwalked

6.  Stress changes meaning.  Some words sound the same except for the stress. dessertdesert messagemassage  Some words change stress when they are a different part of speech. record (verb)record (noun)

7. Parts of Speech  The part of speech tells you what kind of word and how to use it.  Noun A person, place, or thing  Pronoun A word used instead of a noun  Verb An action; something you do  Adjective Describes a noun  Adverb Describes a verb  Preposition Describes when, where, and how  Conjunction Connects parts of sentences My cat seldom sleeps in the sink, but he slept there last night.

8. What’s The Word?  I’ll say a word, you tell me the part of speech.

9. Word Usage  Every part of speech has different rules. If you know a word’s part of speech, you will know how to use it.  I speak English very bad. Bad is an adjective. An adjective can only describe a noun. The word being described, speak, is a verb. You need to use an adverb. I speak English very badly.  My weekends are never relax. Relax is a verb. You need an adjective—relaxing.  The child had a happiness birthday. Happiness is a noun. You need an adjective—happy.

10.  A “Mad Lib” is a word game. Mad Libs are stories missing some words.  Real word: ad-lib (v) – to say things that you haven’t planned or prepared. “I lost my notes, so I ad-libbed my speech.”  Pairs: A asks B for the missing words. Don’t read the story; just ask for the missing words.  When finished, read the completed story to your partner.  The stories will probably be funny.

11. Example Mad Lib  How to Learn Vocabulary  First of all, you need to _____(adv) write down new _____ (plural noun) you see. You should use a / an _______(adj) notebook. Next, make sure you ______(verb) every day. Finally, eat ____(food) _____(adverb of frequency). This will help improve your ____(noun).  First of all, you need to LOUDLY write down new BICYCLES you see. You should use a WONDERFUL notebook. Next, make sure you TALK every day. Finally, ALWAYS eat BREAD. This will help improve your MONKEY.

12.  Nationality: where someone is from.  American, Chinese, Italian, Korean, Irish…  Shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, diamond…  Comparative adjective: an adjective being compared to something else  Bigger, stronger, more beautiful, better, worse…

13. Translations and Definitions  It’s a good idea to write a translation for an English word, but you should also include an English definition.  Why?  Sometimes, there is no exact match for an English word in your language. Irusu: pretending that you’re not home Oishii: delicious, tasty, yummy, scrumptious, delectable…  You should be able to describe an English word in English. This shows a better understanding of the language.

14. Definitions  When you copy an English definition from a dictionary, make sure you understand it.  You should use a dictionary that’s made for English language learners.  Which definition would you copy? ABAB

15. Recommended Dictionaries Paper Dictionaries  Newbury House Dictionary of American English  Published by Heinle  Longman Dictionary of American English  Published by Pearson Longman Online Dictionaries  Ldoceonline.com  Learnersdictionary.com

16. Examples  A sentence or short example will help you see how to use the word. Write a good sentence that tells you the meaning. A. I’m furious. B. I’m furious because my husband forgot my birthday again.  You can also use a phrase or collocation.  Collocation: words that often occur together Be furious at / with (something or someone)

17.  I don’t think there is any strong evidence that ghosts are real.  Noun  First (and most common) meaning

18. Other Forms of the Word  Many words have related forms. You can save time by learning them all at once.  Example: happy (adj.) Happiness (noun) Happily (adv.) Unhappy (ad.)  Try to organize all the related word forms in one notebook entry.

19. Vocabulary in This Class  Everyone will make a vocabulary notebook and organize it the same way.  We will have 5-10 new words every week. I’ll write them on the board and explain them. Copy the information into your notebook.  We will have a short quiz about last week’s words every Tuesday.