1. Columbia University’s program in Earth & Environmental Science Journalism Kim Kastens (kastens@ldeo.columbia.edu) Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Presentation to SommerUSAademie 2005 Wissenschaftsjournalismus 6 September 2005

2. Columbia University’s program in Earth & Environmental Science Journalism (1)Dual masters degree program for Columbia students (2)Environmental journalists of color project, in collaboration with Society of Environmental Journalists

3. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program Goal: …. to train journalists who have both the scientific background and the communications skills to inform the public about discoveries, processes, insights, and controversies about the Earth and environment, in a manner that is simultaneously interesting and accurate. (Clue: articulate what you are trying to accomplish.)

4. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program Co-sponsored by: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory The Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences The Columbia Graduate School of Journalism (Clue: work with excellent partners.)

5. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program Co-directed by: Kim Kastens (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) Marguerite Holloway (Graduate School of Journalism) (Clue: tap multiple expertises)

6. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program Prerequisites: undergraduate background in science and demonstrated writing ability Course of study: 2 semesters of coursework in Earth & environmental science anchored by “Case Studies in E&ESJ” science masters research project 2 semesters of coursework and practical training in journalism journalism masters project Result: MA in Earth & Environmental Sciences plus MS in Journalism (Clue: Be tough. Set high standards)

7. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program What we look for in applicants: Writing ability, via J-school writing test. Basic science prerequisites, one college year with grade of B or better in 4 out of 5 of: - Geosciences, Biological Sciences - Math, Physics, Chemistry Commitment to communicating across interface between science and society. - worked at nature center, national park, science teacher - undergraduate double major: science and language - student journalism Avoid science wannabes Interesting interview; they ask us questions (Clue: Put a lot of energy into admissions process. )

8. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program Case Studies in Earth & Environmental Science Journalism read articles written for a technical audience about an issue, discovery or controversy read articles written for a popular audience on the same topic interview a scientist who worked on the topic from this primary material, construct understanding of journalistic strategies and devices 2004-2005: Sumatran tsunami, Teaching Creationism in public schools, Coral bleaching, Arsenic in groundwater of Bangladesh, Marine mammals & sonars, California energy crisis, etc.

9. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program What is a science research project doing in a journalism education program, anyway?

10. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program Some of the learning objectives for the E&ESJ science research project: Students will experience the process of finding a research question which is (a) unanswered, but (b) answerable. Students will master skills or techniques of a subdiscipline of earth or environmental science, thus gaining an appreciation of research as a craft. Students will generate original data about the Earth or Environment, thus gaining some understanding of the ambiguities and complexities inherent in real data. Students will generate logically-defensible interpretations from their data, and thus strengthen their ability to build a chain of logic from observation to interpretation, and from cause to effect. Students will experience the state of mind that comes with total immersion in research, and thus come to recognize science as a creative endeavor. Students will become a member of an active research group, and will feel the human dynamics of such a group. Students will gain confidence in their ability to hold their own in the community of scientists.

11. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program

12. Columbia Graduate School of Journalism component  Environmental Reporting  Advanced Reporting & Writing (RWI)  Skills of the Journalist  Masters' Project  Critical issues in journalism  Journalism, the law and society  Science Reporting and Writing  Media Workshop  Master's Project  Journalism Elective

13. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program Where do the graduates work? – Science-oriented publications Scientific American, Geotimes, Discover – Environment-oriented publications On Earth, Audubon – Mainstream Media Houston Chronicle, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Albuquerque Journal, Albany Times-Union – freelance – out of journalism environmental consulting

15. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program Exemplary work: “In Harm’s Way” by Dina Cappiello, 1999 E&ESJ graduate, in Houston Chronicle, 2005

16. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program Environmental Reporting Science Law, policy Environmental advocacy General reporting

17. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program [science] Undergraduate [non-science] work PhD or MD journalism UC Santa Cruz Columbia E&ESJ mid-career (MBL, Metcalfe)

18. Columbia E&ESJ Masters Program What I have learned about the overlapping values of scientists and journalists: curiosity skepticism ability to self-educate without a teacher comfortable out of mainstream of society search for truth

19. E&ESJ GeoDiversity Project Goals: To increase the quality, accuracy and visibility of environmental journalism in media reaching people of color. To increase knowledge of, and interest in, the Earth and environment among minorities underrepresented in the Geoscience workforce.* ______ * Funded by National Science Foundation, Opportunities for the Enhancement of Diversity in the Geosciences program (2001-2005)

20. E&ESJ GeoDiversity Project Hurricane Katrina victims, NY Times website Hurricane Katrina victims were disproportionately African-American. because African- Americans in New Orleans are more likely to live in poverty, and lack cars because African- Americans were less well- informed about natural hazards and environmental risks???

21. E&ESJ GeoDiversity Project Did the warnings in the press miss them? If so, what could journalists, journalism organizations, or media organizations do?

22. E&ESJ GeoDiversity Project Collaboration between Columbia/E&ESJ and: Society of Environmental Journalists National Association of Black Journalists Native American Journalists Association National Hispanic Journalists Association

23. E&ESJ GeoDiversity Project Fellowships for minority journalists to attend SEJ meetings Co-organized sessions and field trips on environmental topics at NABJ, NAJA, and NAHJ meetings Environmental category in journalism awards programs of minority journalism organizations Brenda Box of WTOP-AM radio, Washington DC, ran a conference mini-tour on the Bayou Savage National Wildlife Refuge at the 2003 SEJ New Orleans conference.

24. E&ESJ GeoDiversity Project

25. But maybe not as knowledgeable: In a survey of 808 undergraduates enrolled in an introductory environmental literacy course, Battles (2003) found 38% of African-American/Blacks vs 51% of Caucasians/Whites agreed with the statement “in general, I had a good understanding of environmental issues before I took this course,” African-Americans are as concerned about environmental issues as European-Americans (Mohai, 2003).

26. E&ESJ GeoDiversity Project SEJ Minority Fellows tell us: Editors consider the environment a “suburban” or “white” beat and don’t tend to assign journalists of color to cover environmental stories. Editors think minority readers/viewers aren’t interested in environmental topics. They work on tight deadlines without the time for investigations that environmental stories require. They write for publications with small staffs, environment beat is rare, science beat unknown. “Miami’s Hispanic community…live in an information desert with respect to the environmental problems that affect their neighborhoods” (Swafford, 1996).

27. For further information: Earth & Environmental Science Journalism program: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/eesj/ Diversity in Environmental Journalism program: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/eesj/sejweb/