1. Chapter 14 Theories of Personality

2. Difficulties in Understanding Personality The Usefulness of Theories –May turn out to be correct Explain how we got the way we are –Framework to study people Accept or reject the claims of the theory Defining Personality –Personality: consists of broad and long-lasting patterns of behavior

3. Psychoanalytic Theory Sigmund Freud –Core of one’s personality appears within the first five or six years of life –Individual development has its source in the family and the conflicts that every family has –Convinced that problems patients were having came from psychological forces rather than physical ones

4. The Unconscious –Unconscious: the part of us we are not aware of-the conscious mind is the tip of the iceberg –True feelings sometimes appear in dreams or in mistakes we make (Freudian slip) –Free Association:process in which the patient says everything that appears in his or her mind. If they live long enough, more of the unconscious appears –Drives to satisfy bodily needs-food, comfort, sex, self- preservation –Repression: Desires we suppress that could cause guilt

5. The Libido –Libido: energy that controlled behavior Constantly seeking some kind of release If tension not released, it appears in dreams or fantasies or even psychological disturbance

6. Freud’s Map of the Mind –ID: All of our basic needs and drives Contains libido Located in the unconscious Unconcerned with reality except its own desires Emphasis on sexual and aggressive impulses Eat, drink, defense –Superego: Our conscious Keeps the ID in check Causes us to feel guilt Determines right and wrong

7. –Ego: The self Allows the ID to express itself in some safety Pays attention to reality and monitors what is going on in the environment as well as listening to what the superego has to say

8. SUMMARY OF FREUD'S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT STAGE APPROXIMATE AGES EROTIC FOCUSKEY TASKS AND EXPERIENCES Oral 0-1Mouth (sucking, biting)Weaning (from breast or bottle) Ana l1-3Anus (expelling or retaining feces) Toilet training Phallic 3-6Genitals (masturbating)Identifying with adult role models; coping with Oedipal crisis/Electra complex latency 6-12None (sexually repressed)Expanding social contacts Genital AdulthoodGenitals (Adult sexuality)Establishing family; Generation of new life