1. From Phonics to Reading
國小英語精進教學:
From Phonics to Reading
楊岳龍

2. 楊岳龍 Daniel
加拿大多倫多大學畢業
教育部英語師資培訓結業
中正大學外文研究所畢業

3. 國小英語教學之理念
國小學生該學些什麼?

4. Stage 1 : Games
Stage 2 : Big Books
Stage 3 : Phonics
Stage 4 : Reading

5. Significance of Reading
1. a steady & reachable source of inputs
2. a highly effective means of extending knowledge & gaining information
3. the only readily available exposure to the target language

6. Foundation of literacy
Phonemic awareness
Relate letters to sounds
Phonics and the ability to manipulate the sounds
Sight words
Read with accuracy, fluency, speed, & expression
Apply reading comprehension strategies (for understanding and enjoyment)

7. Foundation of literacy
Phonemic awareness
Relate letters to sounds
Phonics and the ability to manipulate the sounds
Sight words
Read with accuracy, fluency, speed, & expression
Apply reading comprehension strategies (for understanding and enjoyment)

8. Phonemic
Awareness

9. Phonemic Awareness Phonemic awareness is the
understanding, or insight, that a word is
made up of a series of discrete sounds.
There are 44 phonemes in English
(Phonics From A To Z, pp.12)

10. Five Basic phonemic awareness tasks (Adams, 1990)
Rhymes and alliteration
Oddity tasks
Oral blending
Oral segmentation
Phonemic manipulation
(Phonics From A To Z, pp.28-29)

11. Some other ideas to keep in mind
Phonemic awareness is not related to print.
Avoid using activities as assessments.
Get all students to participate.
Model, model, model! 24

12. Foundation of literacy
Phonemic awareness
Relate letters to sounds
Phonics and the ability to manipulate the sounds
Sight words
Read with accuracy, fluency, speed, & expression
Apply reading comprehension strategies (for understanding and enjoyment)

13. Alphabets

14. 字母 Alphabets
/bi/
letter name Bb
letter sound
/b/
letter form

15. 字母教學與練習活動
1.找找看 哪裡有字母?
2.字母像什麼?

22. 字母教學與練習活動
1.找找看 哪裡有字母?
2.“H” 像什麼?
3.身體寫字機
4.圈字高手

32. Foundation of literacy
Phonemic awareness
Relate letters to sounds
Phonics and the ability to manipulate the sounds
Sight words
Read with accuracy, fluency, speed, & expression
Apply reading comprehension strategies (for understanding and enjoyment)

33. Phonics

34. Components of a phonics lesson
Repeated readings
Phonemic awareness exercises
Explicit introduction of sound/spelling relationship
Blending opportunities
Word-building opportunities
Controlled text reading opportunities
Dictation
Phonics from A to Z (p )

37. Phonics lesson dos Use a logical and systematic sequence
Be explicit in your introduction of sound-spelling relationships
Brief and fast-paced lessons
Keep the lessons focused
Create a classroom environment in which children become active word watchers or word detectives
A built-in review of previously taught sound-spellings
Link phonics instruction to spelling
Use simple, short words
Phonics from A to Z (p )

38. Foundation of literacy
Phonemic awareness
Relate letters to sounds
Phonics and the ability to manipulate the sounds
Sight words
Read with accuracy, fluency, speed, & expression
Apply reading comprehension strategies (for understanding and enjoyment)

39. Sight Words

40. Sight words (high frequency words)
Out of 600,000+ words, 13 words account for more than 25% of the words in print
a, an, for, he, is, in, it, of, that, the, to, was, you
100 words account for 50%
20% of the 250 most frequently used words by children are FUNCTION words which make up 70-75% of all the words children use in their writing
Words determined to be necessary for all reading because of their high frequency
Recognition of a word “at sight” without the need to analyze or decode it
Words taught as a whole
High frequency words is necessary for fluent reading
Carry little meaning, but affect the flow and coherence of text
Most are “irregular” –different from commonly-taught sound-spelling relationships

41. Sequence of high-frequency words instruction
State aloud & use it in a sentence
Write the sentence. Underline the high-frequency word
Discuss the word
Have children spell aloud the word
Spell & write the word in the air
Spell again & write on paper
Display the high-frequency words on the wall
Phonics from A to Z (p. 97)

48. High Frequency Readers
Example: Lunch
Mini-books
Reading Sheets
Sight Word Readers
Example: Little and big
Show and Tell: Little and big

49. Foundation of literacy
Phonemic awareness
Relate letters to sounds
Phonics and the ability to manipulate the sounds
Sight words
Read with accuracy, fluency, speed, & expression
Apply reading comprehension strategies (for understanding and enjoyment)

50. Reading
這是英語教師共同的希望,卻只有少數人能實現這個夢想

51. The teaching of phonics is only the mean to the end.
Reading

52. When To Start Reading? Alphabets Books Phonics Readers Alphakids
Example: The –et word family
Example: Super Dan, the fix-it man
Example: Starfall (
Alphakids
Example: Dogs
Example: Dogs-Worksheet

53. 決定閱讀階段 聲韻辨識能力 (Phonemic awareness) 讀本概念 (print concept)
字母認識 (alphabetic principle)
字音拼讀能力 (phonics)
朗讀流利度 (fluency)
文章理解 (comprehension)

54. Theory of Automatic Information Processing
Automaticity in reading
(LaBerge & Samuels, 1974)
decoding
comprehension
Attention
switch
beginning readers
decoding
comprehension
Attention
fluent readers