1. List at least 5 weaknesses of the Articles of confederation. 1. Each state had only one vote. 2.Rhode Island had as much power as Virginia. 3.Laws required 9 of the 13 states to agree. 4.No President or executive. 5.No Courts 6.Power over money not given to Congress. 7.No ability to levy taxes on imports. 8.Any 1 of the 13 states could ignore a treaty written by the new govt.

2. What does the saying “worthless as a constitutional dollar” mean? Each state able to create its own money and value along w/ the Continental money. “not worth a Continental.”

3. Who was Daniel Shay? Farmer Veteran of the Revolutionary War Suffering in the Depression

4. What 2 conditions of his time was Daniel Shay rebelling against? Foreclosure of homes by banks/courts in the depression Non-payment of wages to revolutionary War vets Non-representation in congress

5. What happened during Shay’s Rebellion? leads disgruntled farmers and former vets in a rebellion against the Massachusetts Courts. Occupy the courthouse for 3 days.

6. Who put down Shay’s Rebellion? Massachusetts Militia

7. How did Daniel Shay’s rebellion end? Veterans disbanded and government either pardoned or did not got after the ringleaders

8. How did Daniel Shays’ Rebellion led to a call for a stronger central government? People see that the nation is in need of a stronger government or people like Shay may take it down

9. What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 make provision for? How to control, How to settle, How to govern, and How to handle Indians in the west of the Appalachian Mountains territories

10. What was the main argument used by the Anti-Federalists against ratifying the new Constitution? There was nothing guaranteeing the rights of American citizens

11. What was the advantage of the Land Ordinance of 1785? Continental Congress agreed that all the new western states would be admitted on equal terms as the original 13 thereby stopping what could have been a great cause of conflict

12. What amendment of the Bill to the Bill of Rights confirms the principle of Federalism? reserved10 th Amendment- Powers not delegated to the United States government are reserved to the states.

13. Why did the land west of the Appalachians give the new government so many problems? Many Pioneers moved out west at the end of the Revolution and there were no rules on how to control them, the Indians, the land.

14. What Ordinance settled the western land problems after the Revolutionary war? Land Ordinance of 1785

15. What is a depression? Sharp decline in business activity and jobs.

16. How are states added to the union? By the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 1.Ruled by a governor and 3 judges appointed by Congress. (Territory Status) 2.Population reached 5,000 free, voting age males- legislature could be elected and a non- voting delegate could be sent to Congress. 3.Population reached 60,000 free inhabitants, people could draft a constitution and apply for statehood.

17. List the 2 groups who did not receive the freedoms guaranteed in the Declaration of Independence Women Slaves

18. What was the states’ argument against strong central governments after the Revolution? We do not want any strong centralized government such as the British used to abuse us.

19. The Second Continental Congress was the American government during what period? American revolution

20. The Virginia Plan favors who? The New Jersey plan favors who? VA favors large states NJ favors small states

21. What amendment states that one must have a search warrant to search a citizen’s house? Fourth

22. What amendment states that you have a Right to a jury trial? 7 th

23. What amendment states that you have a Right to keep arms 2 nd

24. What amendment states that you are not required to give housing to troops? 3rd

25. The New Jersey Plan wanted what kind of Congress? –One-house legislature. –Each state would have equal # of representatives. –One state- one vote.

26. The Great Compromise wanted what kind of Congress? Two houses of Congress. –Senate- each state gets 2 Senators. –House of Representative- # determined by the population of the state. All “money” bills must come from the House.

27. 3/5th Compromise stated what? Slaves would be counted as 3/5 th of a person for both representation and taxation.

28. How long does the chief executive serve? Serve for 4 year terms with unlimited reelection until FDR dies and then it is changed to only 2- 4 year terms

29. Once the Constitution had been written, what had to be done with it? Ratification

30. What would it take to make the Constitution, “the supreme law of the land”? 9 states votes

31. Federalists Favored what? A strong central government and Constitution

32. Anti-Federalists Opposed what? A strong central government and the Constitution

33. Name the 4 things wrong with the Constitution as the Anti-Federalists saw it. No guarantee of rights Not enough freedom for slaves. Surrendering too much power. Not enough voter control.

34. The Federalist Papers; What are they? Series of brilliant essays defending the Constitution.

35. Who wrote the Federalist Papers? Written by Alexander Hamilton James Madison John Jay

36. What is the Separation of powers? Each branch of government is separated by function

37. What are checks and balances? Each branch of government is given certain powers that can restrain or “place a check” on another branch of government to create a balance.

38. List and describe the function of the 3 branches of government Judicial- determines the constitutionality of Law Legislative-makes the laws Executive-carries out the laws

39. Name 3 Delegated powers Power to tax. Power to regulate commerce. Power to raise an army.

40. Name 3 Reserved powers Control over roads, marriages, public education.

41. Ratification means what? Approval

42. Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? In order to get the Anti-federalists to ratify or vote for the Constitution

43. What is a Constitutional amendment? 2/3rds of both houses of Congress or 2/3rds of the States may propose an Amendment to the Constitution. 3/4ths of the States must ratify the Amendment.

44. Name 3 Shared powers Taxes Police force Courts

45. What was the role of Alexander Hamilton in the making of the Constitution? Proposed it, wrote in the Federalist Papers, argued it brilliantly, was adamant about his position

46. What was the role of James Madison in the making of the Constitution? Father of the Constitution Came to the Congressional Congress with his idea for a Constitution already in place

47. Who was the Constitution developed by and where? 55 delegates, mainly educated, veterns of the War and farmers with medium to large size spreads in Philadelphia because the Articles of Confederation did not work and had led to Shay’s rebellion

48. What was the goal of the Constitutional Convention? A Republican form of government –Power rests in the voters who elect representatives to run the government.

49. What is limited government? Power does not reside in only one part or person or branch of a government Power is shared among the branches of a government

50. How was the issue of slavery settled at the Constitutional Convention? States may continue to import slaves until 1808, but after that, they must decide how to handle the issue.

51. What is the protector of citizen’s rights in America? The Bill of Rights

52. Why is the American Constitution one of the most enduring documents in the Western World? Its flexibility due to the ability to add amendments

53. How long is the term that senators serve? 6 year terms

54. How many justices serve on the Supreme Court? 9

55. This man said that slavery was, “as repugnant to humanity as it is inconsistent with the Bible and destructive of liberty.” Patrick Henry

56. Who was the last state to ratify the Articles of Confederation Maryland

57. Who was the last state to ratify the Constitution? Rhode Island