1. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 1 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. AND

2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 2 Chapter 8 The Metric System

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 3 WHAT YOU WILL LEARN The advantages of using the metric system The basic units used in the metric system Conversions within the metric system Determining length, area, volume, mass, and temperature in the metric system Dimensional analysis and converting to and from the metric system

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 4 WHAT YOU WILL LEARN Dimensional analysis and converting to and from the metric system

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 5 Section 1 Basic Terms and Conversions within the Metric System

6. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 6 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. SI System and U.S. Customary System Most countries of the world use the Systéme international d’unités or SI system. The SI system is referred to as the metric system in the United States. Two systems of weights and measures exist side by side in the United States today, U.S customary system and the metric system.

7. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 7 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Advantages to Using the Metric System The metric system is the worldwide accepted standard measurement system. There is only one unit of measurement for each physical quantity. The SI system is based on the number 10, allowing less need for fractions.

8. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 8 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Basic Terms a little more than a quart volumeLliter about 2.2 pounds masskgkilogram a little more than a yard lengthmmeter Comparison to Customary Common Use AbbrevMetric Term

9. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 9 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Metric Prefixes 1/1000 of base unitmmilli 1/100 of base unitccenti 1/10 of base unitddeci base unit 10  base unit dadeka 100  base unit hhecto 1000  base unit kkilo MeaningSymbolPrefix

10. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 10 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Changing Units within the Metric System To change from a smaller unit to a larger unit move the decimal point in the original quantity one place to the left for each larger unit of measure until you obtain the desired unit of measure. To change from a larger unit to a smaller unit, move the decimal point in the original quantity one place to the right for each smaller unit of measure until you obtain the desired unit of measure.

11. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 11 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Changing Units within the Metric System Measure of length kilometerhectometerdekameter Symbolkmhmdam Number of meters 1000 m100 m10 m Measure of length meterdecimetercentimetermillimeter Symbolmdmcmmm Number of meters 1 m0.1 m0.01 m0.001 m

12. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 12 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Example: Changing Units Convert 54.6 m to km. Convert 15 L to mL. Convert 0.89 kg to cg. Solutions: Meters is a smaller unit than km. Move the decimal 3 places to the left, 0.0546 km. Liter is a larger unit than milliliter. Move the decimal point 3 places to the right, 15,000 mL. Kilogram is a larger unit than centigram. Move the decimal point 5 places to the right 0.89 kg = 89,000 cg

13. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 13 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Example: Application A case of fruit juice contains twenty-four 0.75 liter bottles. How many 250 milliliter glasses can you fill using one case of juice? Solution: The case of juice contains 24(0.75) = 18 L. Converting 18 L = 18,000 mL. If each glass hold 250 mL, then glasses can be filled.

14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 14 Section 2 Length, Area, and Volume

15. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 15 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Length The meter is used to measure things that we normally measure in yards and feet. Centimeters and millimeters are used to measure what we normally measure in inches.  A centimeter is a little less than a half of an inch.  A millimeter is about the thickness of a dime. Example: The length of a pair of scissors would be measured in centimeters.

16. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 16 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Area Areas are always expressed in square units. Example: The length of a rectangular park is 82.5 m, and its width is 25.4 m. Find the area of the park. Solution: Area = length  width.

17. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 17 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Volume When a figure has three dimensions: length, width and height, the volume can be found. The volume of an item can be considered the space occupied by the item. Volume can be expressed in terms of liters or cubic meters. 1 m 3 = 1 kL 1 dm 3 = 1 L 1 cm 3 = 1 mL Volume in LitersVolume in Cubic Units

18. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 18 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Volume When the volume of a liquid is measured, the abbreviation cc is often used instead of cm 3 to represent cubic centimeters. Example: An asthma patient must mix 0.25 cc of a bronchodilator with 2 cc of saline to use in an aerosol machine. How many milliliters of the bronchodilator will be administered? What is the total volume of drug and saline solution in milliliters?

19. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 19 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Volume (continued) Solution: Since 1 cc is equal in volume to 1 milliliter, there will be 0.25 milliliters of the bronchodilator. The total volume is 0.25 + 2 or 2.25 cc, which is equal to 2.25 mL.

20. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 20 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Example: Volume Application A cylindrical shampoo bottle has a diameter of 6 cm and a height of 12 cm. What is the volume in milliliters? Solution:

21. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 21 Section 4 Dimensional Analysis and Conversions to and from the Metric System

22. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 22 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Dimensional Analysis Dimensional analysis is a procedure used to convert from one unit of measurement to a different unit of measurement. A unit fraction is any fraction in which the numerator and denominator contain different units and the value of the fraction is 1. Examples of unit fractions:

23. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 23 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. U.S. Customary Units 1 pint = 2 cups 1 year = 365 days 1 cup (liquid) = 8 fluid ounces 1 day = 24 hours1 ton = 2000 pounds 1 hour = 60 minutes1 pound = 16 ounces 1 minute = 60 seconds1 mile = 5280 feet 1 gallon = 4 quarts1 yard = 3 feet 1 quart = 2 pints1 foot = 12 inches U.S. Customary Units

24. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 24 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Example: Using Dimensional Analysis A recipe calls for 8 cups of blueberries. How many pints is this? Solution: Convert 75 miles per hour to inches per minute. Solution:

25. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 25 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Conversion to and from the Metric System - Length LENGTH U.S. to Metric 1 inch (in.) ≈ 2.54 centimeters (cm) 1 foot (ft) ≈ 30 centimeters (cm) 1 yard (yd) ≈ 0.9 meter (m) 1 mile (mi) ≈ 1.6 kilometers (km)

26. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 26 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Conversion to and from the Metric System - Area AREA U.S. to Metric 1 square inch (in. 2 ) ≈ 6.5 square centimeters (cm 2 ) 1 square foot (ft 2 ) ≈ 0.09 square meter (m 2 ) 1 square yard (yd 2 ) ≈ 0.8 square meter (m 2 ) 1 square mile (mi 2 ) ≈ 2.6 square kilometers (km 2 ) 1 acre ≈ 0.4 hectare (ha)

27. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 27 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Conversion to and from the Metric System - Volume VOLUME U.S. to Metric 1 teaspoon (tsp) ≈ 5 milliliters (m l ) 1 tablespoon (tbsp) ≈ 15 milliliters (m l ) 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) ≈ 30 milliliters (m l ) 1 cup (c) ≈ 0.24 liter ( l ) 1 pint (pt) ≈ 0.47 liter ( l )

28. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 28 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Conversion to and from the Metric System - Volume VOLUME U.S. to Metric 1 quart (qt) ≈ 0.95 liter ( l ) 1 gallon (gal) ≈ 3.8 liters ( l ) 1 cubic foot (ft 3 ) ≈ 0.03 cubic meter (m 3 ) 1 cubic yard (yd 3 ) ≈ 0.76 cubic meter (m 3 )

29. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 29 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Conversion to and from the Metric System - Weight (Mass) WEIGHT OR MASS U.S. to Metric 1 ounce (oz) ≈ 28 grams (g) 1 pound (lb) ≈ 0.45 kilogram (kg) 1 ton (T) ≈ 0.9 tonne (t)

30. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 30 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Example: Volume and Area A gas tank holds 22.6 gallons of gas. How many liters is this? Solution: The area of a box is 14.25 in 2. What is its area in square centimeters? Solution:

31. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 31 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Example: Converting Speed A road in Toronto, Canada shows that the speed limit is 62 kph. Determine the speed in miles per hour. Solution: Since 62 km equals 38.75 mi, 62 kph is equivalent to 38.75 mph.

32. Chapter 8 Section 1 - Slide 32 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Example: Weight (Mass) Conversion for Medication A newborn baby weighs 8 pounds 4 ounces. If 20 mg of a medication is given for each kilogram of the baby’s weight, what dosage should be given? Solution: The dosage of the medication is 73.92 mg.