1. Workers (pt 2)

2. Dangers of work Mining- Mining- Children workers (why?) Children workers (why?) Mills often locked (why?) Mills often locked (why?) Machines could be deadly *(no safety law) Machines could be deadly *(no safety law) No pollution law No pollution law

3. Child ‘drawer’

4. New Jersey, 1910

7. Fatigue due to long hours/even worked during lunch! Fatigue due to long hours/even worked during lunch! Poor general conditions -Upton Sinclair The Jungle Poor general conditions -Upton Sinclair The Jungle 1882- 675 workers killed on job per wk –120 today (RR killed 30,000 in 1881 alone!!) 1882- 675 workers killed on job per wk –120 today (RR killed 30,000 in 1881 alone!!)

8. West Virginia mine worker

9. (purpose of unions- class example) (purpose of unions- class example)

10. Rise of Labor Unions Knights of Labor- Philadelphia; 1869 Open to all- skilled or unskilled (differences?) Terence Powderly Goals: 8 hour day Equal pay for equal work End child labor

11. (next day!) (next day!)

12. American Federation of Labor Samuel Gompers Samuel Gompers Unionize only skilled workers Unionize only skilled workers No women No women Collective bargaining- workers negotiate as a group with employers Collective bargaining- workers negotiate as a group with employers

13. Industrial Workers of the World “Wobblies” “Wobblies” Radical group; many socialists involved (blamed for violent acts of sabotage!) Radical group; many socialists involved (blamed for violent acts of sabotage!) Unskilled workers Unskilled workers Miners, migrant farm workers, textile workers (tried to unite them) Miners, migrant farm workers, textile workers (tried to unite them)

15. NYC 1914

16. CNLU- Labor union for African-Americans CNLU- Labor union for African-Americans WTUL- (women’s trade union league)Union for Women (garment workers) WTUL- (women’s trade union league)Union for Women (garment workers)