1. Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West 27

2. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Russia and Japan I.Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance II.Protest and Revolution in Russia III.Japan: Transformation without Revolution

3. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Russia and Japan

4. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Russia's Reforms and Industrial Advance 1861, Russia begins social, political reform

5. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Russia before Reform Anti-Westernization backlash –Following Napoleon's invasion, 1812 Decembrist revolt, 1825 –Suppressed by Nicholas I Russia avoids revolutions of 1830, 1848

6. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Economic and Social Problems The Peasant Question Crimean War (1854-1856) –Defeat by industrial powers –Alexander II turns to industrialization

7. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Russian Expansion, 1815-1914

8. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Reform Era and Early Industrialization 1861, emancipation of serfs –Forced to buy lands –Productivity stagnant Alexander II –Reforms of 1860s, 1870s  Zemstvoes  Military reform  Some educational reform

9. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Reform Era and Early Industrialization Industrialization –Railways  Pacific reached, 1880s –Siberia opened to development –Factories, 1880s –Count Witte, 1892-1903  High tariffs  Banking system improved  Western investment sought

10. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Protest and Revolution in Russia The Road to Revolution –Ethnic minorities  Demands –Peasants  Famine, taxes –Anarchists  Fail to win peasant support  Suppressed

11. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Protest and Revolution in Russia The Road to Revolution –1881, Alexander II assassinated –New ideas  Marxist socialism  Lenin (Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov)

12. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Protest and Revolution in Russia The Revolution of 1905 –Expansion continues  Ottomans pushed back, 1870s New Slavic nations created  Into Manchuria –Defeated in Russo-Japanese war, 1904-05  Revolution, 1905

13. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Protest and Revolution in Russia The Revolution of 1905 –Duma created  Minister Stolypin  Agrarian reforms

14. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Russia and Eastern Europe Other nations follow Russia –Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece Parliaments –End to serfdom –Some industrialization Cultural revival –Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy –Tchaikovsky, Chopin, Liszt –Mendel, Pavlov

15. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Japan: Transformation without Revolution The Final Decades of the Shogunate –Shogonate  Alliance with daimyos, samurai –Culture under the Tokugawa  Thriving  Neo-Confucianism Variety of schools –By 1850s  Economy slowing  Rural riots

16. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Challenge to Isolation Commander Matthew Perry –1853, Japanese ports forced to open Shogunate bureaucrats –Open doors reluctantly –Others want to end isolation –Conservative daimyos for isolation

17. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Challenge to Isolation Unrest –1868, shogunate defeated –Meiji restoration  Emperor Mutsuhito (Meiji)

18. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Industrial and Political Change in the Meiji State Feudalism ended –Appointed prefects from 1871 –State expanded Samurai officials to United States –Study, promote change 1873-1876, samurai class abolished –Some find new roles  Iwasaki Yataro: Mitsubishi

19. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Industrial and Political Change in the Meiji State Political reorganization –Constitution, 1889 –House of Peers –Diet, lower house

20. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Russo-Japanese War

21. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Japan's Industrial Revolution Westernization in other areas –Military –Banks –Railways, steamships –Tariffs, guilds removed –Ministry of Industry,1870  Model factories Zaibatsu, 1890s –Industrial combines

22. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Social and Diplomatic Effects of Industrialization Population increase Culture –Universal education Western dress adopted Conversion to Christianity limited –Shintoism attracts new followers

23. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Social and Diplomatic Effects of Industrialization Need for raw materials –War with China over Korea, 1894-1895 –Alliance with Britain, 1902 –War with Russia, 1904 –Korea annexed, 1910

24. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Strain of Modernization Inter-generational debate Nationalism –Emperor worship

25. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Japanese Colonial Expansion to 1914

26. Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: Russia and Japan in the World Russia increasingly involved in western European affairs –Also in eastern Asia Japan –Strongly industrialized –Comes into conflict with China and Russia –Raises fears in the west of Japanese aggression