1. Earnest Hemingway (1899—1961) Lecture 13:

2. Hemingway’s works: The Sun Also Rises For Whom the Bell Tolls The Old Man and the Sea A Farewell to Arms “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” “The Short, Happy Life of Francis Macomber”

3.  Hemingway situation: characterized by chaos and brutality and violence, by crime and death, by sports and sex  Hemingway theme: “grace under pressure” Features in Hemingway’s works:

4.  Hemingway hero: a person with “despairing courage”; “Man is not born to be defeated.”  Hemingway style: simplicity and economy of expression; short, uncomplicated sentences; colloquial style Features in Hemingway’s works:

5. “A Clean, Well-lighted Place”: a. In what ways do the two waiters differ? b. What does the title of the story mean? c. What is the significance of the garbled Lord’s prayer?

6. “A Clean, Well-lighted Place”: W hat is the meaning of “nada”? What is the writer’s intention of replacing many words in the prayers with “nada”? W hy does the writer not give the names of the characters? H ow can you distinguish the two waiters? W hy does this place have to be clean and well- lighted? What do cleanliness and brightness represent? W hat is the historical background of the story?

7. The Lord’s Prayer: Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come, thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread and forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil; amen.

8. A Prayer to Virgin Mary: Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee.

9. Homework:

10. For Week 14: 1. Reading Assignments: William Faulkner, “A Rose for Emily”

11. For Week 14: 2. Presentation topics: a. Why is Emily’s House the most appropriate setting for the story? b. Does the sex of the narrator affect the telling of the story? c. What is the disadvantage of taking Emily as a symbol of the post-Civil-War South?

12. For Week 15: 1. Reading Assignments: Eugene O’Neill, Desire Under the Elms

13. For Week 15: 2. Presentation topics: a. What is the central conflict in the play? b. What do the big elm trees symbolize? c. How is the subject of “desire” represented in the play? “Desire” over what?