1. 8 th Grade History Final Exam Review pages 1-2

2. The way in which a group of people live is called _______________.

3. culture

4. Early civilizations were polytheistic. This means that their culture worshiped ________________.

5. Many gods

6. The spread of ideas and beliefs through trade and warfare is known as _____________.

7. Cultural diffusion

8. Many of the Greek city states had written constitutions. A constitution is ____________.

9. A written set of laws

10. The Greek polis’ practiced democracy in their governments. A democracy as practiced in some Greek polis’ is ruled by _____________.

11. The people

12. The Islamic faith was founded by

13. Muhammad

14. A Christian uses the Bible like a Muslim uses the ______.

15. Koran (Quran)

16. The basis of power under the feudal system was...

17. Land ownership

18. The Pope’s main purpose of the Crusades?

19. To take back control of the Muslim shrines in Jerusalem

20. Although the Crusades failed to achieve their goal, what was a positive result of the Crusades?

21. Western Europeans found new trade routes

22. What did the Magna Carta do?

23. It decreased the king’s power

24. A time of new interest in Greek and Roman classical writing, the arts, and the world was called ____________________.

25. Renaissance

26. Early Americans became farmers and formed communities once they had ________

27. A dependable food supply

28. Asian hunters migrated into North America by

29. The Beringia land bridge

30. Many Native Americans died after the Spanish invasion because of _______.

31. disease

32. The voyages of Christopher Columbus led to contact and an exchange between Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas called ________________.

33. The Columbian Exchange

34. Who broke from the Catholic Church and began a new religious movement?

35. Martin Luther

36. What did the French want to establish in the Americas?

37. Fishing and fur trade

38. Define Mercantilism

39. Defines the economic relationship between a mother country and its colonies

40. Labor for the southern rice fields was provided by _______________.

41. Enslaved Africans

42. What theory holds that a nation’s power depends on expanding its trade?

43. mercantilism

44. The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited colonist from moving west of the...

45. Appalachian Mountains

46. Who opposed any compromise with the American colonists?

47. George III

48. The man who wrote the Declaration of Independence was...

49. Thomas Jefferson

50. The “shot heard round the world”

51. Lexington and Concord

52. Which colonists did not consider unfair taxes a good enough reason for rebellion?

53. Loyalists

54. Which colonists wanted to fight the British for American independence?

55. Patriots

56. King George III agreed to give the Americans their freedom after the victory at...

57. Yorktown

58. The British promised to withdraw all troops from the American territory in the _______

59. Treaty of Paris 1783

60. Why were African Americans made victims of lynchings in the late 1800s?

61. They were attempting to vote

62. Which institution or policy did Hamilton, as a Federalist, support?

63. The creation of a national bank

64. Why were New Englanders more likely to support the Federalist Party rather than the Democratic–Republicans?

65. Federalists supported protective tariffs

66. In the case of Marbury vs. Madison, which Supreme Court right was established?

67. The Supreme Court could declare a law unconstitutional

68. The major causes of the War of 1812 were

69. British attacks on American ships and increased Indian problems