1. Environmental Carcinogenesis White Coat Wonders Lisa Lam Zara Khan

2. What are some heritable genetic factors that influence individual susceptibility to environmental carcinogenesis? What cellular or metabolic processes are involved?

3. Objective O Comparing and contrasting natural and dietary factors and the increase an individual's susceptibility to environmental carcinogenesis. O Looking at commonality within certain nations that have a type of cancers that are more dominant. O From these cancers how does environmental carcinogenesis affect the upbringing of these cancers

4. Environment

5. Environmental Carcinogens O Lifestyle O Smoking O Poor Diet O Natural Sources O Ultraviolet Rays O Radon O Infectious Agents O Bacteria/Viruses

6. Lifestyle Stomach Cancer O Disease that occurs first in the tissues that line the stomach O Can be caused by lifestyle factors (diet) or infectious agents (bacteria) O Smoked and salted foods shown to increase a person's chances of developing stomach cancer O Deficiency in the dietary mineral known as selenium may also increase the risk of gastric cancer

7. Lifestyle Liver Cancer O Carcinogens remain in the food ingested on a daily basis O Aflatoxins, toxic compounds, are produced by mold in food. O Example: Aflatoxin BI is formed by fungi in poorly stored grain products

8. Natural Lung Cancer O Cancer cells grow in the lining of the lung’s airway or the lymph nodes. O Carcinogens include air pollution, secondhand smoke, radon, industrial chemicals, radiation exposure, and wood smoke

9. Natural Lung Cancer O Radon is a radioactive gas that travels from rocks and soils to enclosed area O Exposure is threefold the amount for never- smokers than for smokers O Found that low exposure for a long period is more harmful than high exposure for a short period.

11. Natural Skin Cancer O Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation induces apoptosis to kill damaged cells. O Loss of p53 function leads to survival of damaged cells causing tumors. O Some UV radiation are from sunlight, tanning booths, black lights, electric lamps. O People who have lighter skin are more susceptible to cancer because they have less melanin in their skin which protects against radiation

12. Skin vs. Stomach Skin Cancer Stomach Cancer O Results from extended periods of time in the sun O People with lighter skin have less melanin and are more susceptible O Diet high in smoked and salted foods shown to increase the development stomach cancer O Familial history of BRA1 mutations and cancers can also increase your risk

13. Lung vs. Liver Lung cancer Liver cancer O Begins in the lining of the lung’s airways O Allows for the cells to be directly affected by creating chemicals forming new blood vessels close together O Gives nutrients to the cancer cell and permits tumor growth O Development of liver cancer is due to the metabolic processes that occur within (removal of toxins) O Affects the detoxification process of the liver

14. Lung vs. Liver O Both lung and liver cancer are caused by environmental exposures O Either a cellular or metabolic process within the body is affected, forming the cancer O Liver cancer has some genetic underlying factors O With the presence of genetic factors, susceptibility to environmental carcinogenesis is increased

15. Conclusion O Skin, lung, liver, and stomach cancers are mostly caused by environmental factors, such as sun exposure, air pollution, diet, and infection by a bacteria. O Genes and phenotypes sometimes play a significant role in determining whether or not an individual has a higher risk of developing a certain cancer

16. Further Questions O Why is a familial history of a breast cancer associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer and not other cancers? O What does the inherited gene do to cause a heightened risk of developing a certain cancer?

17. Sources O http://www.idph.state.il.us/cancer/factsheets/skin.htm http://www.idph.state.il.us/cancer/factsheets/skin.htm O http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/05/29/race.skin.cancer/ http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/05/29/race.skin.cancer/ O http://www.skincancerprevention.org/skin-cancer/risk-factors http://www.skincancerprevention.org/skin-cancer/risk-factors O http://www.ccjm.org/content/79/5/313.full http://www.ccjm.org/content/79/5/313.full O http://www.biomedcentral.com/1755-8794/5/1 O http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webconte nt/003061-pdf.pdf O http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/87/11/817.abstract?ijk ey=90faa7518bc7000416c241bb97894c2af0aaa4dd&keytyp e2=tf_ipsecsha O http://lungcancer.about.com/od/causesoflungcance1/a/envir ocause.htm http://lungcancer.about.com/od/causesoflungcance1/a/envir ocause.htm