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ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN ALL LIVING ORGANISMS: REVIEW: What does it mean to be organic? -Contains Carbon -Can decompose.

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Presentation on theme: "ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN ALL LIVING ORGANISMS: REVIEW: What does it mean to be organic? -Contains Carbon -Can decompose."— Presentation transcript:

1 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN ALL LIVING ORGANISMS: REVIEW: What does it mean to be organic? -Contains Carbon -Can decompose

2 www.brainybetty.com 2 Organic Compounds found in living organisms: 1. Carbohydrates (C,H,O) -provide quick energy 2. Proteins (C,H,O,N,S) -build, maintain and repair our bodies. 3. Lipids (C,H,O) -stored energy 4. Nucleic Acid (C,H,O,N,P) - stores and transmits our genetic code.

3 www.brainybetty.com 3 98% of the body is made up of:  Sulfur  Phosphorus  Oxygen  Nitrogen  Carbon  Hydrogen CHNOPS 1% 63% 5% 19% 9%

4 www.brainybetty.com 4 Remaining 2% are “Trace Elements”: -occur in very small amounts which vary person to person based on the food they eat. Calcium…Ca Iron….Fe Chlorine…Cl Potassium…K Magnesium…Mg Sodium……Na

5 YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT……. www.brainybetty.com 5

6 6 Carbohydrates: Protein: Lipids:

7 www.brainybetty.com 7 Carbohydrates/sugars: Roles: 1. Provide quick energy 2. Play a structural role in plants, bacteria and some animals. 3. Makes up parts of our cell membranes.

8 Carbohydrates are made up of: www.brainybetty.com 8  Carbon  Hydrogen  Oxygen  In a 1:2:1 ratio

9 www.brainybetty.com 9 Three types of Carbohydrates: -each is based on # of molecules bonded together Let’s review : mono = one di = two poly= many saccharide= sugar S S S S S S S

10 www.brainybetty.com 10 1.Monosaccharides: -mono means……… -one single sugar molecule Chemical formula (1:2:1 ratio): C 6 H 12 O 6 S Monosaccharides:

11 www.brainybetty.com 11 - instant energy (0 to 20 min) -simplest form of a sugar -does not need to be digested -just needs to be absorbed into our blood and taken to our …... CELLS Monosaccharides provides us with:

12 www.brainybetty.com 12 Every cell in the human body, all 50 trillion of them, is less than 1mm away from a blood vessel/capillary. -Cells can easily exchange food molecules, oxygen and cell waste with our blood.

13 www.brainybetty.com 13

14 3 Types of Monosaccharides: www.brainybetty.com 14 -have the same chemical formulas of C 6 H 12 O 6 but they have a slightly different shapes. Known as ISOMERS. ISO = equal (same chemical formulas)

15 1. Glucose www.brainybetty.com 15 -made by plants during photosynthesis -found in all green plant products. -C 6 H 12 O 6 S S

16 2. Fructose www.brainybetty.com 16 -Found in all fruits. -C 6 H 12 O 6 S

17 3. Galactose www.brainybetty.com 17 -Found in dairy products -C 6 H 12 O 6 S

18 Quick Review www.brainybetty.com 18 Carbs provide us with quick energy. Monosaccharides are made up of one single sugar molecule. Monosaccharides are in their simplest form….does not need to be digested. S

19 2 nd type of carbohydrate: www.brainybetty.com 19 Disaccharides: Di means….. 2 Two monosaccharides bonded together. S S

20 www.brainybetty.com 20 Chemical Formula: SS + C 6 H 12 O 6 S S C 12 H 24 O 12 H2OH2O C 12 H 22 O 11 Remove water is to dehydrate

21 www.brainybetty.com 21 Disaccharides provide us with: -energy within approximately 2 hours after eating them. -this is because they must be digested down into their simplest form ……monosaccharides. -Where are they digested? -mouth or small intestines S S H2OH2O SS Energy is released when the bond is broken.

22 3 Types of Disaccharides: www.brainybetty.com 22 1.Sucrose -2 monos from plants bonded together -Commonly known as table sugar -Comes from sugar cane (a green plant) FructoseGlucose C 12 H 22 O 11

23 www.brainybetty.com 23 2. Maltose -2 monos from plants bonded together - Malt grain….used to make beer and other alcohols. Glucose C 12 H 22 O 11

24 www.brainybetty.com 24 3. Lactose -2 monos bonded together -found in dairy products Did you know????? -Lactose needs to be digested with the enzyme lactase. Some people do not have this enzyme so they are “lactose intolerant”. GlucoseGalactose C 12 H 22 O 11

25 www.brainybetty.com 25 Dehydration Synthesis: -dehydrate…remove water -synthesis….to make -to make by removing water -this is what occurs when two monos bond together to create a disaccharide by removing one water molecule.

26 www.brainybetty.com 26 Glucose Galactose H2OH2O GlucoseGalactose Dehydration Synthesis

27 www.brainybetty.com 27 Hydrolysis: -hydro…..water -lysis…… to break open Hydrolysis occurs when we add water to a disaccharide when we need to break it down or digest it.

28 www.brainybetty.com 28 GlucoseGalactose H2OH2O GlucoseGalactose Hydrolysis

29 3 rd type of Carb www.brainybetty.com 29 Polysaccharides: -poly means….. many - many (more than 3 and up to 4000 ) monosaccharides bonded together. S S S S S S

30 www.brainybetty.com 30 Must be digested. Takes up to 24 hours to be totally digested. Each bond between the monos must be broken. Made up of 3 to 4000 monos so there is not one common chemical formula. S S S S S S

31 3 Types of Polysaccharides: www.brainybetty.com 31 1.Starch -how plants store excess glucose -made up of 4000+ glucose molecules bonded together in a long chain.

32 www.brainybetty.com 32 2.Glycogen How animals store excess glucose. When we eat excess carbs our liver converts them into glycogen to be stored. If we still do not use it then the glycogen is converted into fat for storage.

33 www.brainybetty.com 33 3. Cellulose -used by plants for structure and support. -humans can not digest cellulose -cellulose passes out as the “bulk” of our feces.

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