2. WHAT IS A SEARCH ENGINE A search engine is not a physical engine, instead its an electronic code or a software programme that searches and indexes millions of web pages. The programme runs ceaselessly hour after hour, collecting information and cataloguing it

3. Spidering (crawling) This activity, (mysterious web code) roams across millions of websites that form the WWW, to note and record the keywords stored between meta tags in the source code, it then scans 1) The important stories hosted on the home page & record them against the site’s web address 2) opens each links on the home page, records the first few lines of information hosted on hyperlinked pages 3)Then proceed to record keywords stored in the source code of inside pages A SEARCH ENGINE’S OPERATIONS CAN BE BROKEN INTO THREE CLEAR AREAS:

4. Index The pages scanned by the spider are stored in a giant index, the second part of the search engine, Since the pages scanned can run into millions, the index can spread across hundreds of servers The spider updates the stored info every time it returns to the site. A SEARCH ENGINE’S OPERATIONS CAN BE BROKEN INTO THREE CLEAR AREAS:

5. Search Code The third component of the search engine The search code sifts through millions of pages stored in the index to find keywords that match user’s query The search code also assigns ranks to websites

6. STANDARD WEB SEARCH ENGINE ARCHITECTURE crawl the web create an inverted index Check for duplicates, store the documents Inverted index Search engine servers user query Show results To user DocIds

7. What a Search Engine Sees View > Source (HTML code) http://www.delorie.com/web/lynxview.html (HTML text, no images and little formatting) http://www.delorie.com/web/lynxview.html

8. PARAMETERS TO DECIDE A SITE’S RANK Different search engines use different parameters Some look at the title of the page Others scan the top half of the stored webpage And others look for keywords And some rank sites on the basis of the number of site links, both external & internal

9. Head Tags Title tag Meta Tags (Description) Meta Tags (Keywords )

10. Search engine popularity depends on number of pages spidered by the crawler and the ranking parameters employed by the search engine The user is more concerned with relevance, accuracy, and précised search

11. HOW TO GET BEST SEARCH RESULTS Use precise or specific keywords Place search words within quote marks, this binds the words into one single unit Use Boolean expressions ( and, or, not, +, -) Example: Oxford+ university + press Oxford +university-press

12. GENERATING MORE TRAFFIC Rules to be kept in mind while writings meta tags Page description must be shorter Page description must be precise, must accurately reflect the spirit of the content Keyword must be used to reinforce (and should match) the sentence used to describe page content No of keywords should be limited to 25 Keywords should not be repeated, spiders avoid pages with repeated keywords

13. GOOGLE’S OTHER DATABASES

14. What’s an SEO? SEO = Search Engine Optimization Refers to the process of “optimizing” both the on-page and off-page ranking factors in order to achieve high search engine rankings for targeted search terms. Refers to the “industry” that revolves around obtaining high rankings in the search engines for desirable keyword search terms as a means of increasing the relevant traffic to a given website. Refers to an individual or company that optimizes websites for its clientele. Has a number of related meanings, and usually refers to an individual/firm that focuses on optimizing for “organic” search engine rankings

15. What Does a (good) SEO Do? Researches desirable keywords and search phrases Identifies search phrases to target (should be relevant to business/market, obtainable and profitable) “Cleans” and optimizes a website’s HTML code for appropriate keyword density, title tag optimization, internal linking structure, headings and subheadings, etc. Helps in writing copy to appeal to both search engines and actual website visitors Studies competitors (competing websites) and search engines Implements a quality link building campaign Pushes for more content! Monitors rankings for targeted search terms

16. Class Assignment 1.Search a controversial topic in Google 2.Scan the first two pages of results 3.Visit one or two other sites Evaluate their quality and reliability Try other search tools (Alta vista, yahoo, MSN, Ask.com)