1. Cycling of Matter Nutrient Cycles

2. Cycling of Matter Nutrient Cycles: The movement of matter through living things, the physical environment and chemical reactions Ex. C, N, P, H 2 O, etc.

3. Recall… “Matter is neither created nor destroyed” Atoms simply change form… from molecule to molecule!

4. The Carbon Cycle Carbon is found as CO 2 in the air and as part of almost all organic molecules Lipid Amino Acid Glucose

5. The Carbon Cycle: CO 2 Photosynthesis Producers Respiration Consumers Compacted into Fossil Fuels Decomposers

6. Changes to the Carbon Cycle:

7. Carbon Cycle cartoon

8. Speeding up the Cycle

9. Changes in the Cycle

10. The result is Global Warming!

12. The Nitrogen Cycle: Nitrogen is found as N 2 in the air, in animal wastes and fertilizers, and in many organic molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.) NN Protein Chain

13. The Nitrogen Cycle: N2N2 Nitrogen Fixation (Bacteria) Nitrates (NO 3 - ) Denitrification (Anaerobic Bacteria) Consumers Producers

14. Here’s the problem: Nitrogen gas (N 2 ) is a very stable molecule and does not react easily. To be useful to organisms, nitrogen must be in the form of Nitrate ions (NO 3 - )

15. NITROGEN FIXATION The process by which atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) is converted into nitrate ions (NO 3 - ) Lightning Bacteria

16. Nitrogen Fixation by Bacteria  Most Nitrogen in an ecosystem fixed by bacteria.  Usually found in soil, but sometimes found on roots of plants

17. Nitrogen fixation By Lightning Energy causes nitrogen to react with oxygen in the atmosphere, forming nitrates. Nitrates dissolve in water and enter the roots of plants.

18. THE ROLE OF DECOMPOSERS Break down dead matter and return Nitrates to the soil and to plants!

19. But…how does Nitrogen return to the atmosphere? Denitrification: The process of reducing nitrates into nitrogen gas BACTERIA!

20. Nitrogen Cycle

21. The Nitrogen Cycle: N2N2 Nitrogen Fixation (Bacteria) Nitrates (NO 3 - ) Denitrification (Anaerobic Bacteria) Consumers Producers

22. The Water Cycle Water is a necessity for the survival of all living things. Used for photosynthesis, structure, reproduction, as part of many chemical reactions, etc.

23. The Water Cycle

24. Water Cycle Precipitation – rain and snow Evaporation – liquid to a gas Condensation – gas to a liquid Transpiration – pulled up plants and released through leaves

25. Cycling of Matter – TO KNOW: Matter cycles indefinitely on our planet. Atoms occur as part of many different structures as part of their natural cycle. Cycling of matter can be fast or very slow. Cycling of matter is critical to ensure the return of nutrients to living things. Human activities can alter these cycles.  Examples: Climate Change, Deforestation, Fertilizer and Pesticide use, Altering natural flow of water, etc. The End!