1. Definition of life Order: cellular structure Crystals have structure without life

2. reproduction Growth & development

3. Energy utilization Response to the environment

4. Evolution Darwin

5. Adaptation

6. Darwinian theory of evolution Over production Individual variations

7. Natural selection 75% of population perished in one storm predators prey

8. Artificial selection

9. Composition of cells Organic molecules: Carbon is a versatile chemical element Water & oxygen

10. Difficulties with other elements Weak bonds No double bonds

11. Molecular components Carbohydrates: 2H/O sugar, starch, cellelus. glucos C6H12O6 Lipids: fatty acid Store energy for cells Proteins: large molecules Nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) & RNA (ribonucleic acid) Store structural information Built on amino acids. Enzymes & catalysts Regulate reaction rates Build structures Provide energy to cells fibers

12. Two basic cell types Prokaryotic cells: No distinct nucleus Single cell species eg E coli or Salmonelia Eukaryotic cells: Both single cell (amkebas) complex species (plants, animals)

13. Biological tree of life: five kingdoms Based on cell structures Drawin’s notes

14. RNA tree of life: three domains Based on molecular structure

15. The chemistry of life Metabolism: chemistry of life regulates reaction rates Atp(adenosine triphosphate) Metastable reaction +H 2 O

16. Carbon and energy Heterotroph: get carbon from other organic compounds Autotroph: get carbon directly from the atmosphere Photosynthesis: sun light provides a source of energy, CO 2 Chemoheterotroph: organic molecules Chemoautotroph: inorganic chemicals, eg sulfur, iron, amonia. CO 2 Carbon is the most common raw material

17. Importance of water 1)Dissolving organic molecules 2) transportation 3) ATP chemistry

18. Double helix of DNA molecules

19. Gene’s analysis

20. DNA replication

21. Genetic code

22. Virus (a strand of RNA, not alive) Coronavirus: common cold, SARS

23. Mutation and evolution

24. extremofiles Thermofiles