1. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

2. What does this mean?

3. Opposing Sides Loyalist (or Torries) stayed loyal for several reasons: Loyalist (or Torries) stayed loyal for several reasons: 1. Members of the Anglican Church of England 1. Members of the Anglican Church of England 2. Depended on England for jobs 2. Depended on England for jobs 3. Feared changes in government 3. Feared changes in government Located mainly in the South Located mainly in the South 20-30% of the population 20-30% of the population

4. Patriots Patriots Strongest support for war was in Virginia and New England Strongest support for war was in Virginia and New England 45-50% of population were Patriots 45-50% of population were Patriots

6. Battle of Long Island In Aug. 1776 Gen Howe vs Washington In Aug. 1776 Gen Howe vs Washington The British attacked the Patriots at Long Island New York The British attacked the Patriots at Long Island New York The Patriots were outnumbered and the Continental army suffered a huge defeat The Patriots were outnumbered and the Continental army suffered a huge defeat Nathan Hale became a hero. He was discovered a spy and hanged. I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. Nathan Hale became a hero. He was discovered a spy and hanged. I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.

8. What does this mean???? THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Dec 1776 The Crisis by Thomas Paine Dec 1776 The Crisis by Thomas Paine

9. Women on the battle front Women such as Margaret Corbin and Mary Ludwig Hays (Molly Pitcher) helped out husbands and other soldiers in the battle camps. Women such as Margaret Corbin and Mary Ludwig Hays (Molly Pitcher) helped out husbands and other soldiers in the battle camps. Deborah Sampson disguised herself as a boy and enlisted to fight Deborah Sampson disguised herself as a boy and enlisted to fight

11. 1. Training Lever 9. Quoie 2. Sponge 10. Linstock 3. Rammer 11. Iron Shot 4. Worm 12. Wadding 5. Powder Ladle 13. Cartridge 6. Truck Carriage 14. Knife 7. Tackle Ring 15. Touchhole Pricker 8. Touchhole 16. Priming Flask 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 14 16 13 12 11 15 10 9 Artillery

12. Weapons of the Revolution British Flintlock Musket Brown Bess Kentucky/Pennsylvania Long Rifle Grape Shot Small lead balls packed into a bag and fired at the enemy. Solid Shot (Cannonball) Used to roll through ranks of soldiers killing and maiming as it went. Hollow Shot (Cannonball) Filled with gunpowder, a fuse was cut depending on the distance to target. Tri-Corner Bayonet The shape of the blade made the wound harder to repair. Grenade A smaller version of the hollow shot cannonball Cavalry Sword Used primarily by officers and cavalry

16. Linear vs. Guerrilla Warfare The European style of fighting in lines was used because the guns were so inaccurate. In order to inflict casualties, soldiers had to fire at the same time. The bayonet played an important role in linear warfare. After the soldier fired 4 or 5 shots, he was expected to fix his bayonet and fight hand to hand. By this time his barrel was so hot that it was almost impossible to reload his weapon anyway.bayonet While the Americans did, for the most part, fight a European style war, they had learned the skulking way of war, or guerrilla warfare from Native Americans during the French and Indian War. They employed ambushes and sneak attacks to inflict damage on the British. These tactics were seen by the British as dishonorable. One of the most famous Americans to employ these tactics was Francis Marion, the Swamp Fox, who got his nickname because he led hit and run raids against the British and retreated to the swamps of South Carolina where his base was located.skulking

17. The Need for more Soldiers Approx 5,000 African Americans fought. Approx 5,000 African Americans fought. South Carolina- the only state not to enlist AA South Carolina- the only state not to enlist AA The British hired soldiers from other countries to help fight called mercenaries. The mercenaries from Germany were Hessians The British hired soldiers from other countries to help fight called mercenaries. The mercenaries from Germany were Hessians

18. Trenton and Princeton Two victories for the Patriots. Two victories for the Patriots. Washington caught the British troops off guard when he surprised them at Trenton on Christmas night 1776. Washington caught the British troops off guard when he surprised them at Trenton on Christmas night 1776. The next day he led his troops on into Princeton and attacked and won. The next day he led his troops on into Princeton and attacked and won.

21. Britain's Strategy Britain's strategy in early 1777 was to separate New England from the Middle colonies by controlling the Hudson River Britain's strategy in early 1777 was to separate New England from the Middle colonies by controlling the Hudson River The plan involved three armies to meet and take over Albany, New York The plan involved three armies to meet and take over Albany, New York One group from the north One group from the north One group from the east One group from the east One group from the south One group from the south

22. 1. General Burgoyne would 1. General Burgoyne would lead his troops from North 2. Colonel Leger would 2. Colonel Leger would lead his troops from west lead his troops from west 3. General Howe would 3. General Howe would move from New York north move from New York north

23. General Howe from the south never made it General Howe from the south never made it Benedict Arnold and his Benedict Arnold and his troops forced troops from the east to retreat General Burgoynes troops moved so slow and only made it to Saratoga General Burgoynes troops moved so slow and only made it to Saratoga

24. Battle of Saratoga When Burgoyne got to Saratoga he was surrounded and the battle began When Burgoyne got to Saratoga he was surrounded and the battle began He surrendered on October 17,1777 to the Continental Army He surrendered on October 17,1777 to the Continental Army

26. Help from Europe Battle of Saratoga-turning point because now France and Spain realize that Americans could win. Battle of Saratoga-turning point because now France and Spain realize that Americans could win. By Feb 1778 France openly declared war on Britain and gave Americans money, equipment, and troops. By Feb 1778 France openly declared war on Britain and gave Americans money, equipment, and troops. Spain declared war on Britain in 1779 and helped the Americans as well. Spain declared war on Britain in 1779 and helped the Americans as well.

27. Winter at Valley Forge Word of the alliance with France did not reach the soldiers until the Spring of 1778. Washington and his soldiers spent the winter (1778)in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Word of the alliance with France did not reach the soldiers until the Spring of 1778. Washington and his soldiers spent the winter (1778)in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Winter of horrible suffering; lacking food, shelter and clothes. Many deserted. Winter of horrible suffering; lacking food, shelter and clothes. Many deserted.

28. Help at Valley Forge Marquois de Lafayette –French officer who helped train the army Marquois de Lafayette –French officer who helped train the army The moment I heard of America I lovd her… The moment I knew she was fighting for freedom, I burnt with the desire of bleeding for her Lafayette The moment I heard of America I lovd her… The moment I knew she was fighting for freedom, I burnt with the desire of bleeding for her Lafayette The future of America is bound by the future of all mankind Lafayette The future of America is bound by the future of all mankind Lafayette Casimire Polaski- Calvary officer from Poland Casimire Polaski- Calvary officer from Poland Frederick Von Stueban- German taught them military discipline Frederick Von Stueban- German taught them military discipline

30. Glory at Sea Britain set up blockades to keep supplies from coming in to America. Britain set up blockades to keep supplies from coming in to America. Congress ordered the use of privateers- privately owned war ships to attack enemy ships. Congress ordered the use of privateers- privately owned war ships to attack enemy ships. John Paul Jones – naval privateer commander who said I have not yet begun to fight. Fought and beat The Serapis John Paul Jones – naval privateer commander who said I have not yet begun to fight. Fought and beat The Serapis

34. Brits went south and took over port cities, then turned inland. (Savannah, Charleston) Brits went south and took over port cities, then turned inland. (Savannah, Charleston) South began to fight back using guerilla warfare – Francis Marion (swamp fox) South began to fight back using guerilla warfare – Francis Marion (swamp fox) This led to new victories for Patriots in This led to new victories for Patriots in NC and SC. NC and SC. After facing great loses Cornwallis -British commander- retreated to Yorktown, Virginia 1781

36. Help from Spain Spanish Governor Galvez helped by opening up the Mississippi River for Patriots. Spanish Governor Galvez helped by opening up the Mississippi River for Patriots. He also organized his own troops (Spanish, Creoles, and Native Americans) and raided British forts and towns. – Mobile, Baton Rouge, and Pensacola He also organized his own troops (Spanish, Creoles, and Native Americans) and raided British forts and towns. – Mobile, Baton Rouge, and Pensacola

39. Last major battle of the war Last major battle of the war GWs army marched 200 miles in 15 days to surprise Brits at Yorktown, VA. GWs army marched 200 miles in 15 days to surprise Brits at Yorktown, VA. Brit Gen. Cornwallis was trapped on a peninsula between French naval fleet and GWs army Brit Gen. Cornwallis was trapped on a peninsula between French naval fleet and GWs army Brits surrendered 7,500 men- convinced them the war was too costly. Oct. 19, 1781 Brits surrendered 7,500 men- convinced them the war was too costly. Oct. 19, 1781

40. Victory at Yorktown Washington planned a secretive takeover at Yorktown, Virginia to surprise Cornwallis Washington planned a secretive takeover at Yorktown, Virginia to surprise Cornwallis Originally he was going to attack NY City, but changed his mind and didnt tell anybody, not even his troops Originally he was going to attack NY City, but changed his mind and didnt tell anybody, not even his troops

41. B. On his way to Yorktown he found out that the French fleet would meet him there. B. On his way to Yorktown he found out that the French fleet would meet him there.

42. Three groups secretly planned to meet Three groups secretly planned to meet 1. George Washington's French/Americagroup 1. George Washington's French/Americagroup 2. Lafayette group 2. Lafayette group 3. The French fleet(ships) 3. The French fleet(ships)

43. B. The plan worked and in September of 1781 all three groups (totaling 14,000 troops) circled around the British at Yorktown. On October 19, Cornwallis surrendered to the Patriots. B. The plan worked and in September of 1781 all three groups (totaling 14,000 troops) circled around the British at Yorktown. On October 19, Cornwallis surrendered to the Patriots.

45. INDEPENDENCE A. Fighting continued, but the British realized that it was to costly to continue. A. Fighting continued, but the British realized that it was to costly to continue. In April of 1783 delegates met in Paris and the Treaty of Paris was signed to officially end the war. In April of 1783 delegates met in Paris and the Treaty of Paris was signed to officially end the war. In it Britain had to recognize the US as an independent nation and they had to withdraw all troops. In it Britain had to recognize the US as an independent nation and they had to withdraw all troops.

47. Pop Quiz 1. What is a blockade? 1. What is a blockade? 2. Who was a famous naval war hero? 2. Who was a famous naval war hero? 3. Why did the British move the fighting to the South? 3. Why did the British move the fighting to the South? 4. Name two British victories in the South 4. Name two British victories in the South 5. Name one American victory in the South 5. Name one American victory in the South 6. Who was a leader fighting guerrilla warfare style? 6. Who was a leader fighting guerrilla warfare style? 7. How many troops planned to meet secretly at Yorktown? 7. How many troops planned to meet secretly at Yorktown? 8. What was the name of the treaty that ended the War? 8. What was the name of the treaty that ended the War?