1. A 15-17 Not Bad B 13-14 Could be better C 12 Barely good enough to not suck D 10-11 Sucks F 0-9 YOU FAIL!!!!!

2. Chap 18

3. Coming Up Ottomans –Sunni Islam –Centered in Anatolia –Janisaries / Devshirme Safavid –Shiite –Persia/Iran Mughal –Islamic empire ruling India

8. West Indies French & English – –tobacco chartered companies –European indentured servants. –Spanish- small scale plantation Mid-1600-Sugar Production –Dutch created the archetype of the Brazilian sugar plantation –Spread it to West Indies when expelled from Brazil –Needed large amounts of cheap labor

9. Plantation Life Grow and process cane –large plantations –Plantocracy and lots of slaves- social stratification –specialized tasks Rewards and harsh punishments Sundays were only time off- cultivate own food Short life expectancy Tried to end African cultural traditions, religions, and languages “Great whites” “Little whites” Free blacks Children between slave and plantation owner usually received freedom (manumission) Maroons

10. Atlantic Economy Capitalism –government-protected private enterprise created to gain profit –banks, joint-stock companies, stock exchanges, and insurance. Mercantilism –state policies that promoted private investment in overseas trade and accumulation of capital in the form of precious metals. –chartered companies –use of military force to pursue commercial dominance British, the French, and the Portuguese The Atlantic Circuit “Triangular Trade” Middle Passage 1/6 Died

11. The Gold Coast and the Slave Coast Relatively equal trading relations –slaves for firearms Dahomey, Oyo, and Asante –prisoners of war Bight of Biafra and Angola –Kidnapping Europe acquired very little African territory –Dutch Cape Colony –Portuguese in Angola

12. Muslims Ottoman Empire Morocco- took control of the trans- Saharan trade from Songhai Some slavery but smaller –Larger effect on population Muslim cultural influences south of the Sahara Slave trade had little impact on Africa

13. 1.How did participation in the Atlantic system affect the environment in the Americas? 2.How did participation in the Atlantic system affect social and political development in Africa and the Americas? 3.What factors led to the development of the African slave trade?

14. 4.How and why did Islamic influence in sub-Saharan Africa differ from the influence of Europeans? 5.What effects did slavery have on economic life in Africa? 6.How did the technological requirements of sugar production affect West Indian society?